The Use Of The Theory Transactional Model Of Stress And Coping

Coping and Copers: What it is to Cope, Personalities, and Effective and Non-effective Coping Strategies Kerry Williams Psychology of Stress The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand Coping and Copers: What it is to Cope, Personalities and Effective and Non-effective Coping Strategies This essay discusses coping, a complex process exercised by people to suppress, change, or eliminate stress or threat. This essay also discusses copers, that is, people who exhibit certain personality characteristics, known as distress resistant personality patterns, which can significantly influence whether they stay healthy or become ill. Also covered are coping strategies, -strategies people draw upon to solve life’s stressors, some

The pre-operative stage is an important phase in patient’s surgery process. This is the time where the patients is experiencing a lot of anxiety issues and have questions regarding the impending procedure. To help ensure good patient outcomes, it is imperative to provide complete preoperative instructions and discharge instructions (Allison & George, 2014). It is the nurses’ duty to safe guard and protects the patient’s welfare during the surgical experience. Effective preoperative preparation is known to enhance postoperative pain management and recovery. Health professionals need to be cognizant of the contextual factors that influence patients’ preoperative experiences and give context appropriate care (Aziato & Adejumo, 2014).

The coping appraisal process takes into account the response efficacy and self-efficacy. In addition to these two constructs the cost of the recommended behavior is also taken into account. Response efficacy takes into account how well the adaptive behavior will alleviate the perceived threat. Instead of smoking, a person may try meditation or exercise to relieve stress. The effectiveness of the recommended behavior is different for everyone and meditation may work better for one

In previous literature, patients have demonstrated and expressed feelings of helplessness, powerlessness and anxiety (6,9). Surgical interventions and procedures invoke strong reactions around pain, complication risk and death for the patient and their families (5). Additionally, in the preoperative phase of waiting to be transferred to the operating room, previous studies have shown that this can be the most frightening time for many patients (5,6,9). When this preoperative waiting time is compounded with the sudden cancellation or postponement of a patient’s surgery, many patients experience heightened negative effects (5,9).

Anxiety amongst patients scheduled to experience different surgical methods has been an issue of concern for health specialists and patients (Alanazi et al. 2014). A large number of children undergo surgery every year and the greater part of these paediatrics develop critical anxiety before operation (Fortier et al. 2011). It is

Every day, across our country, people are arriving at hospitals to undergo a variety of surgeries. Any time someone is informed that he or she has to have surgery, no matter the reason, people tend to experience a range of emotions. Anxiety is one emotion that many people will experience when faced with the fact that they need to have surgery. The thought of having to undergo surgery can be a major stressor for most, however, when the reason for the surgery is cancer, people generally experience even more stress and anxiety.

Carver, Scheier & Weintraub (1989) describe the two types of coping as problem focused and emotion focused. Problem focused (Carver, Scheier & Weintraub,1989). Problem focus also involve organizing implementing and taking action when deemed appropriate (Carver, Scheier & Weintraub,1989). Emotion focused examines reducing the distress that relates to the situation (Carver, Scheier & Weintraub,1989). Emotion focused involve refuting and look for general support (Carver, Scheier &

Boyes and French (2010) conducted an experiment to test the hypothesis that participants who were assigned to the high-stress condition would deem the task more negatively and used more emotion-focused coping than participants in the mild-stress condition, and if high-neuroticism participants were placed in either the high-or mild-stress condition they would report the task more negatively and use less task-focused coping than low-neuroticism participants.

Survival Strategies: Coping strategies have been shown to have a significant impact on the mental and physical health of various populations (Lehavot, 2012). Two types have coping strategies are commonly discussed: problem focused and emotion focused. Problem-focused coping is action oriented and involves trying to change the stressful situation. Examples of problem focused coping strategies include seeking information, planning, and taking action. Problem focused coping strategies are adaptive and are associated with positive adjustment after stressful events. Emotion focused coping involves changing the emotional aspects of the situation and includes both active and avoidant strategies. Examples of emotional focused coping include focusing on positive aspects of the situation, seeking emotional support from others (active strategies), and mental or behavioral disengagement (an avoidant strategy). Active emotion-focused strategies are generally considered to be adaptive, and avoidant emotion-focused coping strategies maladaptive. However, findings have shown mixed results.

The overarching claim made in this piece is that there are intrinsic health benefits to be gained from stress, some of these require a positive attitude towards stress, others are innate or simply transpire without conscious effort.

Various literatures have debated and proven that preoperative education intervention can and has improved the overall patient satisfaction. Preoperative education is necessary to all patients undergoing surgical procedures regardless of their settings. Office base anesthesia, a new trend that is favorable to all parties; however it seems to increased patients’ anxiety due to some unforeseen events.

Children need to be prepared for surgery. They often react emotionally to the prospect of surgery. Children need to be prepared physically, intellectually and emotionally for their surgery experience. A surgical experience can be a positive event if children and family members are well informed about the surgery, and are aware of the events associated with the surgery. It also will be positive if the children and family members’ worries and fears are discussed and understood, and they are able to create some familiarity with the medical staff associated with their

The Transactional Model of Stress and Coping is a layout that Dr. Richard Lazarus first wrote about as a system that deals with the theory of stress. Dr. Lazarus along with help from Dr. Susan Folkman spent most of their lives doing work in the field of stress research.

This essay demonstrates my understanding of the psychological theories and concepts which were discussed in lectures as I have applied this knowledge to the case example. I have employed two psychological topics such as the Humanistic perspective of personality and Stress and Coping theory.

The results from the study showed a variety of things. Firstly, perceptions of emotion-focused strategies in one's spouse was inversely related to one's personal distress and adjustment. When the spouse thought that the wife was using emotion-focused coping more often than problem-focused coping, it was found that it was related to the patient's elevated distress and lower functioning. Conversely, when the husbands perceived their spouse as coping with problem-focused strategies it was associated with their own better functioning. Results showed that perceptions of the breast cancer patients of their husband's coping strategy did not have a significant effect on their own distress levels. The results of the study are in line with cognitive theories of stress and coping and show that emotion-focused coping is related to pessimism and low control, whereas problem-focused coping is correlated with optimism and high control (Ben Zur 2001).