Few subjects in the Bible have been subjected to as much theological debate as the issue of God’s sovereignty and human responsibility. Theologians on both sides of the issue have attempted to answer the age old question of whether God chooses who will be “saved” or if the responsibility falls to man to determine the outcome of their eternal soul. As found in the theories of John Calvin and Joseph Arminius, each theologian attempted to prove their viewpoint on predestination, free-will, and exactly who in humanity will go to an eternal paradise. In this paper, the evidence will be presented from both sides of the debate leaving the reader to draw their own conclusions.
The foundation of the debate originates from the Biblical passages found in the book of Romans, chapters nine through eleven. However, for the purposes of this paper, the focus will be primarily on Romans chapter nine. In this section of his epistle, the Apostle Paul wrote of his deep concern for Israel, the seven privileges God gave to Israel, the difference between Jews who naturally descended from Abraham and Jews who are his spiritual seed, the fact that God’s mercy is controlled by his sovereign will, that the Old Testament prophets predicted the spiritual blindness of Israel, and God’s mercy being extended to the Gentiles. (King James Version Bible, Romans 9:1-33)
Professor Thomas Schreiner stated that, “Paul’s words about predestination in these chapters have also precipitated a great deal of
Yet, the essay’s primary intention cannot be overlooked. Does the topic of being divinely chosen continue its stability due to surpassing evaluator’s conclusions? Do Calvin or Arminius’ understandings perfectly align with scripture? The author of this essay concludes that the referenced information clearly proves the prior. The proposed theories seem to fail comprehensively addressing the topic.
I went to private school and remember many bad memories from the church, they used to bully us (children) if we dared to ask anything other than softball questiona about god. Being children, we did not realize that some of our questions were on point reasonable questions that the church feared even if they were asked adults. It was sort of like using a curse word and not knowing it was a curse word and getting in trouble for it. We were asking questions we did not realize were sensitive to the church because they were hard for church to justify because all they have to base their responses on is an un-changing bible. Back then cherry picking was not as expertly used as it is today.
Faith versus Fatalism Can you remember this song? “Que Sera, Sera, Whatever will be, will be. The future's not ours, to see. Que Sera, Sera!” Doris Day sang this song, and since 1956 it has been a worldwide hit.
I called the patient's guardian ( Margaret) and left message, asking to return call to discuss the patient's condition and plan- awaiting call back.
The Bible contradicts itself in more ways than one. One contradiction in the New Testament is the view on gender and gender roles. When the New Testament was written, men were believed to be stronger, smarter, and more powerful. However, multiple New Testament writers argue that belief.
In The Institution of Christian Religion, John Calvin advocates a view of salvation that he is clearly aware many people find hard to reconcile with their own ideas of mercy. The fact that Calvin empathizes with mankind’s desire to understand confusing concepts, such as predestination, lays the foundation for his advice to his fellow man on how to receive and interpret this idea. Near the opening of this section of Calvin’s treatise he acknowledges that, “This is (as many think) a cumbersome question: because they think nothing to be less reasonable than of the common multitude of men some to be foreordained to salvation, other some to destruction” (Calvin 682). It is directly to these men who have difficulty conceptualizing predestination that the author is
Throughout history people have questioned election. The question is whether people are predestined to be called to heaven and can not reject the Holy Spirit’s calling such as a John Calvin. Or do we have the free will to accept or deny the Holy Spirit’s calling into our lives such as James Arminius believed. Or is it something else just as Karl Barth or Augustine believed in. But for the purpose of this paper we will look at Calvinism and Arminius viewpoints and touch on the view points of other theologians throughout history to come up with an accurate conclusion of which of the two main theological ideas is most likely the case of election.
The bible, a controversial topic which diverses from a numerous amount of opinions. From a young age, I was raised as a catholic and I never question it, even though it seems incomprehensible scientifically speaking. Then I learned, that that 's when faith comes in. Probably the most important factor is faith, commonly defined as complete trust in someone or something, but has develop a religious definition, strong belief in God or in the doctrines of a religion, based on spiritual apprehension rather than proof. People who believe in a God and people who are athiest have one thing in common, faith. Although, it play a different role, people who believe in a God have faith which changes based on their past and present experiences. For
In the early church, Jewish Christians and Gentile Christians sometimes disagreed about what made a person acceptable to God and how the followers of Christ should live. In Romans, Paul boldly announces that the good news is “God’s powerful way of saving all people who have faith, whether they are Jews or Gentiles.” (Weber) The Epistle to the Romans served as a plan to instruct Christians of their faith. The Epistle was “the most fully articulated expression of Paul’s theology of salvation.” (Andrea). With Paul being one of the most
One conflicting theological view of the Hebrew Bible is in the creation story described in Genesis. Is there one story or two? Genesis 1:1 – 2:3 gives one account and Genesis 2:4-25 seemingly gives another account. Although both stories give and account of creation, they are different in their settings, characters and plot. The relationship between the two stories is the deity who is called the creator (Stanley, 205-206). Another theological view of the Hebrew Bible is that Yahweh did not have a wife, whereas archaeological and literary evidence suggests Yahweh was accompanied by a spouse. However, the editors of the Hebrew Bible reject this view (Stanley, 157). Another theological view is regarding the gender of Yahweh. The Hebrew Bible does
In all of the churches that Paul writes letters to it seems that he is addressing the fact that one or the other group believes that they are greater than the other group with then leads to tension in the church. Paul vetoes that idea by saying the both Gentiles and Jews are equal in God’s eyes. In Romans 1:16 Paul writes that the gospel is first for the Jews then for the Gentiles. In Romans 9 Paul shows his zeal for reaching those who do not know God. He says in 9:3 that he wishes himself dead so that many may know Christ. Now in 9:6 Paul states that not all of Israel is Israel and in 9:8 it says that it is not the natural children who are God’s children but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring. Abraham received the promise from God that his descendants would come through his son. This son though was not Ishmael but Isaac. The same is with the people who Paul was going and preaching to. Some were Jews and others were Gentiles. Both could come to the promise if they believed through faith. Though the Jews had the law it became a stumbling block to them and that is why Paul says that not all descendants of Israel are Israel in Romans 9:6. Paul says that it not natural children that are God’s children but children of Abraham’s promise (Romans 9:8). Then Paul goes into his discussion
Many atheists think positing God as the cause of the universe is a bad idea. This is due to the inevitable question: Who created God? In many atheists' minds, using God as the cause of the universe just adds more problems.I am a devout skeptic. Still, I think this a bad line of reasoning. I do not think one has to research every theological argument from early Christendom onwards, but I think understanding basic concepts of the western monotheistic deity is somewhat necessary. This is especially true if one is arguing with any believer who has some level of sophistication about their religious beliefs.
The passages presented are divisive in the way that they are interpreted. They create a debate as to who is the “real Jews,” and those that believe that they are the real Jews claiming authority over others. This view includes self-identifying Christians claiming that they are the ones that are the “favoured by God.” The various passages presented allow for this interpretation.
The book of Romans, written by Paul, contains numerous topics that constantly affect my biblical worldview. Martin Luther called this book, the “purest gospel”. This book teaches of how the gospel can reconcile mankind, who is condemned by sin, to God. While this book was written to believers in Rome, it is applicable to everyone. In this paper, I will investigate Romans 1-8 and I will cover what it teaches regarding the natural world, human identity, human relationships, and culture. I will also explain how it affects my own personal biblical worldview.
In speaking of the biblical teachings of theodicy, we need to ask ourselves a series of vital questions in what scripture has to say on the topic: God and His connection to creation; the nature of humanity; God’s connection to sin; Man’s connection to sin; and the final outcome and defeat of sin. These considerations we need to ask are key to defining God’s power, goodness and the presence of sin.