Introduction
We live in a changing world in many ways, and one of these evolving characteristics is that humans tend to live longer now. We in Ireland can expect to live into our mid-seventies on average. This can be attributed to scientific and technological developments and our own changing attitudes. Dunning (1993) describes this using Elias' civilising process theory when he explains that society has evened out somewhat with economic growth and the growing power of the lower social strata over the past century or so.
Dunning goes on to explain that as a result of the prevalence of democratic and stable governments and the growth in division of labour, it is the case that people in the more civilised societies of today are
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Sports for the physically disabled moved on at a great pace from there, to where we now see Paralympians compete every four years at incredible standards in their own games following each Olympics. But it was not until 1968 that a similar association was set up for people with mental disabilities. This is when Eunice Kennedy Shriver founded Special Olympics International (SOI), which now has branches in over 130 countries and holds summer and winter games every four years.
The events that brought people with disabilities from the shadows of social acceptance and inclusion, like sports participation, and the civilising process started to gain credence in academic circles. Many fields of study evolved to look at the subject. One such area is therapeutic recreation (TR) which is part of the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA). In its infancy TR was known as hospital recreation, medical recreation and recreation therapy. It finally settled on therapeutic recreation in 1967 when the National Therapeutic Recreation Society was founded (Sherrill, 1998). The essay will focus on how TR specialists' assist is the rehabilitation of individuals who suffer from cardiac disease.
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Stopford (1987) defines disability as:
"Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being."
CVD is a common
When we observe the demographics of today¡¦s society, we notice that there is quite a change in the average age, as well as life expectancy. In 1993, the average life expectancy rose to an amazing 75.5 years, with women living an average of 79 years and men living an average of 72 years (Hawkins, 1996, p. 4). With this gradual rise in age, the idea of therapeutic recreation for the aging population has taken on a significant role. Therapeutic recreation uses recreation and leisure activities to meet the needs of people in order to improve their quality of life. These needs include social, physical, cognitive, emotional, and spiritual. The experience of engaging in recreation is perceived to have therapeutic benefits. Engaging in
In America, people are changing their views on aging and the elderly. Some of the reasons that the attitudes are changing could be due to more elderly people are remaining in the work place longer, as opposed to retiring early. Riffkin (2014). And there is the fact that we baby boomers are living longer. Even though the U.S. only ranks 53rd with a life expectancy of 79. That’s an increase of one year since 2010. (“The World: Life Expectancy” 2016)
Brief therapy helps people by focusing on solutions, instead of problems. The therapist asks questions thereby facilitates the client by helping formulates solutions. The client leads the meeting by actively formulating ideas in which he/she can serve to improve the client's negative circumstances. This is contrary to cognitive therapy, which focuses on a client's cognitive processes (how he or she thinks about people/places/things). The therapist collaborates with the client to help the client develop alternative solutions.
With scientist studying the many ways in which water can heal the body, there is a lack of study on just why people are turning to water for therapy, even when a pool is not within a short distance, or of any convenience. As aquatic therapy being labeled one of the best forms of rehabilitation for people with injuries like: spinal inflammation, balance troubles, and more, by doctors, this paper aims to focus on the voice of the patients and how they feel aquatic therapy effects them? The study done concentrates on an aquatic therapy center built by Elizabeth Taylor in a city named Culver City, the heart of Los Angeles, CA. Ms. Taylor saw a need for aquatic therapy in Los Angeles, and conveniently built a center that could benefit all, as the city is surrounded and infused with people of all walks of life. Ms. Taylor serviced the center and community with top doctors, therapist, and all the tools needed for people to get back on their feet. The paper will be drawing from participant observations, numerous interviews from rehabilitation professionals and patients, and scholarly articles to give insight on why so many people are turning towards aquatics for their rehab journey. Through my data I will discuss that though aquatic arena can make exercises more tolerable, mobility freer, and provide rapid rehabilitation, it is not for the best form of therapy for any and everyone.
The presence of medical conditions, classified as disabilities by the Americans with Disabilities Act as, “…a physical or mental impairment that
In this care team you will need to follow the health and safety legislation guidelines, while carrying out your creative and therapeutic activities. In this care team we have strict policies and guidelines you need to abide by. In this leaflet it will be explaining the potential risks and responsibilities you will have. It is of high importance that you should follow these rules and regulations at all times as they are here to keep you and other people in the environment safe, if you do not abide by our rules and regulations then consequences will follow. The handout will include legislation acts such as; health and safety at work act (1974), the food standard act (1999), general food
Life expectancy in the human race has risen dramatically in the past century reaching its highest level for both male and female on record. Between 1981 and 2002 life expectancy at age 50 increases by four and a half years for men and three years for women and two years respectively. By 2002 women who were age of 65 could expect to live to the age of 84 while men could expect to live to the age of 81.
Abstract: The Special Olympics not only give special athletes athletic skills, they offer more opportunity, encouragement, and dexterity to survive in society than the public school system alone. To understand the differences and similarities between handicapped athletes and their non-handicap peers is the first step in creating a program that best meets the child's needs. There were no community programs that catered to the mentally and physically challenged, so Eunice Kennedy-Shriver created "special games" in her back yard for her handicapped child. Shriver established the Special Olympics in 1968. Today there are more than one million special athletes competing in 140 countries. There are some problems with relying on the
Today many people seek professional therapy or counseling for a limited amount of time in order to deal with different life crises. Others seek professional help for the majority of their lives in order to deal with a psychological disorder. After reading this chapter on Therapy, I learned that this was not always the case, and that the way our society views therapy, and the meaning of therapy, has changed dramatically of the years. This chapter not only explains the evolution of therapy, it explores the different therapeutic approaches.
Some schools use parts of their funding to allow the disabled children enrolled in special education and EC programs to participate in a program called the Special Olympics. The Special Olympics website claims “Founded in 1971, Special Olympics North Carolina provides services and opportunities to more than 38,000 athletes, supported by nearly 5,000 volunteer coaches, and we host nearly 600 competitions annually (Special Olympics).” The Special Olympics are a set of sports, set up like the regular Olympics, that help create a friendly and equal competition to promote and raise awareness of disabilities in the United States (Special Olympics). Sources have proven that the Special Olympics are a fun, and enjoyable way for disabled children to
If you have problems with your heart and you've been scheduled for heart surgery or another cardiac procedure, your doctor may recommend cardiac rehab afterward. You might even undergo rehab if you have a heart attack or if your condition puts you at risk of a heart attack. The purpose of rehab is to improve the strength and functioning of your heart so it becomes healthier. A physical therapist as well as other medical professionals will work closely together to ensure you exercise safely without stressing your heart. These are some of the things you can expect.
Cardiac rehab is an individualized program consisting of education, exercise, nutrition and support. In recent years, cardiac rehabilitation has become a multi-disciplinary and multi-faceted intervention aimed at restoring well-being and impeding disease progression in patients with heart disease (Garza, Wason and Zhang, 2015). High-quality evidence has demonstrated that cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves outcomes after cardiac surgery or myocardial infarction, improving adherence to evidence-based care and both the quality and quantity of life (Bahia, Holt, Ray, Ussher, Poloniecki, Sharma, Bown, Hinchliffe, Thompson and Karthikesalingam, 2015). Cardiac rehabilitation can improve cardiopulmonary function and positively affects risk factors for heart disease (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia), reduces the recurrence rate of acute myocardial infarction, reduces mortality rate by 20–24%, and improves quality of life (Chen et al., 2015).
It wasn’t that long ago when the words “athletics” and “persons with disabilities” did not belong together. If a person was born with a physical or intellectual disability, sports fell into the group of activities that were excluded from their life. If an athlete acquired a physical or intellectual disability, sports became an activity they could no longer participate in. Sports and athletic pursuits belonged solely to non-disabled persons. Persons with disabilities could only watch from the sidelines. Our society did not encourage or support any physical sports programs that allowed persons with disabilities to pursue their athletic dreams. Slowly, a cultural shift has altered our perception of what is possible for persons with disabilities.
However, better healthcare and protection from government result in rising age expectancy, which is a double-edged sword as on one hand, people live longer as shown in report (Friedland and Summer, 2005, Fig 1-2) and on the other hand, the proportion of aging population increases if the younger generation are not reproducing enough, and this is exactly the trend now in developed nations. In the
“For purposes of nondiscrimination laws (e.g. the Americans with Disabilities Act, Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Section 188 of the Workforce Investment Act), a person with a disability is generally defined as someone who (1) has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more "major life activities," (2) has a record of such an impairment, or (3) is regarded as having such an