Soke Cheong Chiew – his story
There’s no place like home
Born in 1937 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia’s capital city, my grandfather has many stories to tell me. As I sit and listen to him regale me with stories of his past, I learn many things from him that I had never known before now. He describes many parts of his childhood growing up in Malaysia, like his family and the place he called home. His childhood home was an old and run down sauce factory in the years before he lived there. He describes it as having no partitions with no flooring, and when it rained hard – a common occurrence – it got flooded. He tells me stories of how he used to view it as a haunted house – the most memorably frightening occurrence in the house was possibly when “one night…heavy brick just came tumbling down the ladder…for no reason. We didn't have any pets or anything in the house, and this just happened.” He tells me of his many siblings – he shocks me when he casually brings up that “there were ten of [them] - one or two had died.” Another detail that catches my interest is how close his whole family was, as he claims he and his siblings got on quite well, and never actually fought. Out of all the members of his unusually large family, my grandfather said he was closest to his mother – my great-grandmother. The most influential person to him as a younger boy, “[his mother] loved [him] me quite a lot…because I was the youngest in the family, and she saw to all [his] needs. In addition, I was really close to her. [He] studied at night beside her bed, by candlelight, and then she used to tell [him] creepy stories of her days in China. And that is part of the reason why [he] was so scared of the dark as a boy. She used to tell [my grandfather] ghost stories and [he] was the closest to her.”
Wartime memories
Knowing that he grew up during a war, I ask him about his experiences from that time. My grandfather recounts what it was like as a young boy back then, saying that during the Japanese occupation of Malaya, “it was difficult times during that period. And you live through fear…not knowing what tomorrow is like. It was sort of depressing and very sad to hear stories of atrocities done by the Japanese to the people of Malaya.”
Well-known nonfiction author Laura Hillenbrand, in her best-selling biography, Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption, describes the chilling reality faced by those living in Japanese prisoner-of-war camps. As the title suggests, this is not the typical World War II tale of hardship that ends in liberation; rather, it follows the main character, Louis “Louie” Zamperini, through his childhood, Olympic performances, and military career leading up to his captivity, as well as his later marriage and many years of healing. Hillenbrand's purpose is to impress upon her readers the scale of this tragedy as well as remind them of the horror that so many nameless soldiers endured. She adopts an emotional yet straightforward tone in order to get readers to sympathize with the characters and truly understand what they went through. To do so, she manages to make the unique story of one man represent the thousands of others going through the same tragedy.
Consistent with Japanese propaganda the nationalist leaders held belief that Japan was “the leader, protector and light of Asia”. However, this perception of liberation from colonial rule was a façade as the civilians of occupied nations experienced harsher treatment under the Japanese than they did under the colonial authorities.
The autobiography illustrates personal experiences of discrimination and prejudice while also reporting the political occurrences during the United States’ involvement in World War II. After the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, the United States government unleashed unrestrained contempt for the Japanese residing in the nation. The general public followed this train of thought, distrusting the Japanese and treating them like something less than human. In a country of freedom and justice, no coalition stepped up to defend the people who had lived there most of or all of their lives; rather, people took advantage of the Japanese evacuation to take their property and belongings. The government released demeaning propaganda displaying comical Japanese men as monsters and rats, encouraging the public to be vigilant and wary toward anyone of Japanese descent. The abuse of the Japanese during this period was taken a little too lightly, the government apologizing too late and now minor education of the real cruelty expressed toward the nation’s own citizens. Now we see history repeating itself in society, and if we don’t catch the warning signs today, history may just come full
Most people know about the attacks on Pearl Harbor but very few know about how it affected the lives of Japanese-Americans living on the islands. In the novel, Under the Blood-Red Sun, the author Graham Salisbury tells a story from the perspective of Tomikazu Nakaji, a young Japanese-American boy and his struggles with racism and becoming the man of his family. After the attack, the suspicions and biased racism of the non-immigrant Americans is raised, which lead to the wrongful arrests of Tomikazu's father and grandfather. This resulted with him having to get a job, take care of his family, and deal with the constant bullying of his neighbor, Keet Wilson. In the end, he manages to maintain the tasks his father had assigned him with the help of his friends. This book showed me the importance of friendship, honor, and persistence.
Farewell to Manzanar is a collection of all of Jeanne Wakatsuki’s memories at Manzanar, an internment camp designed for Japanese immigrants. During World War II, the Japanese-Americans were relocated in Manzanar; the reason behind the relocation was due to them being accused of being threats to national security. I believe that the following paragraph is able to capture the struggle the author and the other residents of Manzanar faced in the journey home.
War can be loud and visible or quiet and remote. It affects the individual and entire societies, the soldier, and the civilian. Both U.S. prisoners of war in Japan and Japanese-American citizens in the United States during WWII undergo efforts to make them “invisible.” Laura Hillenbrand’s Unbroken hero, Louie Zamperini, like so many other POWs, is imprisoned, beaten, and denied basic human rights in POW camps throughout Japan. Miné Okubo, a U.S. citizen by birth, is removed from society and interned in a “protective custody” camp for Japanese-American citizens. She is one of the many Japanese-Americans who were interned for the duration of the war. Louie Zamperini, as a POW in Japan, and Miné Okubo, as a Japanese-American Internee both experience efforts to make them “invisible” through dehumanization and isolation in the camps of WWII, and both resist these efforts.
While coming up with a topic for this paper, one of my questions dealt with war and cultural groups. I will be the first to admit, Racism was the last thing on my mind. The original question being, “How does war affect a Social Culture and how does it stand today?” When I started thinking about Cultures that had been so deeply affected by war, one of the first that came to mind were the Japanese in World War II. Then I recalled what one person had told me of their younger days at college, when they were attending school. Their name will remain anonymous; I do not want to make the victim’s name public as it has a very personal nature.
In her novel When the Emperor Was Divine, author Julie Otsuka presents the long-lasting effects that isolation and alienation have on a person’s self- image and identity. During WWII, Japanese-Americans living in the United States were forced to move to isolated and horrific internment camps. The US government ensured they were separated from the rest of the country. This even included their own families. When the Japanese-Americans were allowed to return home after the war, the result of the isolation they experienced created irreversible damage. They continued to experience alienation, often making it impossible for them to recover emotionally, mentally and financially. Otsuka uses characterization to bring to life the traumas of the war and the effects it had on her characters, the girl, her mother and her father.
As we, Americans, look back on our country’s history, there are many proud moments, but there are other moments that we can all admit are a bit shameful. One of these shameful moments in American history is the Japanese internment during World War II. This time in history can be revisited in Toyo Suyemoto’s memoir, I Call to Remembrance of her and her family’s time in an internment camp during the war. She writes of the feeling of distrust the majority of the country felt towards the Japanese prior to being relocated, the process her and so many others went through to be relocated, as well as life in the camps. Suyemoto had a deep interest in poetry from very early in her life, and
During World War II, thousands of POWs experienced isolation and dehumanization in an Japanesethe attemptefforts of the Japanese to make them feel invisible. In Unbroken, by Laura Hillenbrand, American POW and former Olympic runner Louis “Louie” Zamperini rwas just one of the many soldiers who was dehumanized while in Japanese
Barbed wired barracks, portable potties, and partition-less showers. My grandfather reminisces his time spend at Manzanar Internment Camp. While my grandfather stood in the giant shadow of a 30-foot armed tower, 500-acres of Californian dessert enclosed nearly 12,000 Japanese Americans. In 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 authorizing the removal and detainment of anyone in military territory. When “armed police went door to door rounding up Japanese Americans and ordering them straight to the camps” as my grandfather asserted, America’s national fear was exploited. My grandfather at the age of sixteen, lost his home, his family, and notably continued to face several obstacles postwar. Thousands of Japanese Americans during the 1940’s, including Ichiro in John Okada’s No-No Boy, have had their lives reshaped by new territories, boundaries and inner conflicts. The lost of family and friends was prevalent as racial prejudices intensified throughout the nation. While thousands of innocent families were victimized in the Japanese interment camps and imprisonments during WWII, the overwhelming distress led to corrupt relationships and inner turmoil.
2. What were the specific challenges Gruenewald and other interned Japanese Americans faced in “camp” life? How did individuals and families adapt to these changes?
In his work “Right to Kill, Right to Make Live” Takashi Fujitani compares and contrasts the Japanese treatment of colonialized Koreans leading up to World War II with the American treatment of the Japanese residents following the bombing of Pearl Harbor. This work highlights how both the Japanese and the Americans treated the Koreans and Japanese Americans, respectively, and offers several different viewpoints. Thus, this work is exceptionally important and provides incredible insight into both cultures and the harsh reality of wartime. Additionally, Fujitani also explains how the Korean and Japanese populations are still influenced today.
It is no doubt about it that everyone has somewhere that they have adapted to long enough to call it there home! A place they can relax and really be their selves, for some it may have been their grandparents house, aunties house or wherever they felt comfortable. Well I of course felt comfortable in my own home, a four bedroom house on the west side of North Miami. My home in Miami was perfect I had my own room, I was very comfortable there, and it was a place to get away from the world.
Life however did not seem fair for them as they soon had to endure yet another battle against communism. Again, the haunting nightmare of escaping the shadow of death appeared before their eyes. Ships arrived from Taiwan and were ready to take on passengers. They departed in a small 67 metre Taiwanese ship, which had a total of 2300 passengers on board. My family had become ‘Vietnamese boat people’ and had to face terrible hardship before arriving to Australia. They had to suffer two years of living in a ship without adequate food and escape from pirates in the middle of the ocean. Adults and children were dying on the ship because of malnutrition. Life was hanging by a piece of thread but because of the support and spirit of each other; they survived through the unutterable trauma which subsequently reinforced their relationship. Their experience has profoundly ingrained itself in me, allowing me to realise how special it is to have my family safe and close to me. These experiences which show endurance, courage and bravery, have directly affected the values, attitudes and beliefs which I now maintain as they allow me to understand the importance of my family as being something irreplaceable and invaluable. I value my family beyond anything else in the world and will continue to sustain this belief.