Jennifer Chiu
AP US History
9/19/2017
Chapter 3 Thesis and Discussion Questions
I. Thesis Questions:
1) Analyze The challenges Native Americans faced in both allying with and waging war against European settlers. Be sure to reference different regions.
In the New World of intense commercial competitions, as the conflicts spread to the mainland, these tension started to drew on the Native Americans. During the war of the Spanish Succession 1702-1713, also known as the Queen Anne’s War, sparked the tensions between Britain against France and Spain. English settlers in the Carolinas armed the Creek Indians and later attacked the Spanish Florida, which later on the Spanish unsuccessfully attacked Charleston in South Carolina. At the beginning, the Creeks Indians had the
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Since the 1560s, the English had sought for mercantilism, using government funding and charters to control manufacturing and foreign trade. When the Navigation Act of 1651 established, trades were limited only to English or colonial merchants. Any sugar or tobacco products can only be exported to England, and mandating colonists imported European goods only through England. The Revenue Act of 1673 imposed a ” plantation duty” on American exports of sugar and tobacco for paying the custom official who enforced these mercantilist laws. However, this enforcement didn’t go successfully, many colonists ignored the laws and continued trading with the Dutch until the wars of 1690s. Soon the Massachusetts Bay Assembly declared these mercantilism laws should be enforced only in Britain, not in America. Customs official Edward Randolph shortly called troops over to America to administer, instead, the Lords of Trade who charged with colonial affairs, blamed the puritan government violating the Navigation Acts and nearly outlawing the Church of
Parliament decided that the colonies should help pay towards the cost of the recent war debt and for future defense. The first step towards this was the Revenue Act of 1764, generally referred to as the Sugar Act. The Sugar Act was also known as “an Act with Teeth,”(Mass Historical Society) symbolizing that it was an act with depth or of importance. The Act itself was divided into two sections. First, it was intended to raise money from trade between the British colonies in America. It levied import duties on a list of raw materials including: sugar, coffee, indigo, wine, rum, lumber, and various cloths. The Sugar Act made the Molasses Act of 1733 perpetual. Although it cut the tax on molasses in half, from sixpence to threepence per gallon, to discourage smuggling and to make the tax attractive. Second, the Act revamped and reinvigorated the customs service, which managed the collection of these import duties. For the first time, colonists argued that Parliament was depriving them of a fundamental constitutional right to have these goods duty free.
The Navigation Act of 1651 was an attempt to put more control over where and who England could trade with. It was decided that only English ships could carry goods that were going to and from the colonies. The English government was trying to have a close watch on England’s Imports and Exports. This
For example, as directed by the Navigation laws, Virginia tobacco planters who played by the rules could only sell their products to England, even if other countries were offering a higher price. The Americans answer to this was to largely ignore the mercantile system and smuggle their products to other ports.
In 1761 the British began to reinforce writs of assistance, laws that granted customs officials the authority to conduct random searches of property to seek out goods on which required duties had not been paid, not only in public establishments but in private homes. The next step was the Sugar Act of 1764, and it quickly became apparent that the purpose of the act was to extract revenue from America. The Molasses Act of 1733 had placed a tax of six pence per gallon on sugar and molasses imported into the colonies. In 1764 the British lowered the tax to three pence but now eventually decided to enforce it. In addition, taxes were to be placed on other items such as wines, coffee, and textile products, and other restrictions were applied, this upset the colonists. Madaras L, SoRelle J (2011) & Wood S. G. (2003)
Navigation Acts- During the reign of Charles II, these acts were devised to allow English control of colonial trade. The Navigation Act of 1651 required hat goods be carried on ships owned by English or Colonial merchants. Later on, the acts kept the British sugar trade in hands of British merchants.
To insure that the American colonies would contribute to this overall sense of British wealth, various Navigation Acts were passed beginning in 1650 to regulate trade between the colonies, England, and the rest of the world. In many cases, ships carrying American products to other European countries had to stop in England first to pay duties before continuing onward. Also, goods traveling to and from America had to be
Throughout the course of history there have been numerous accounts regarding Native American and European interaction. From first contact to Indian removal, the interaction was somewhat of a roller coaster ride, leading from times of peace to mini wars and rebellions staged by the Native American tribes. The first part of this essay will briefly discuss the pre-Columbian Indian civilizations in North America and provide simple awareness of their cultures, while the second part of this essay will explore all major Native American contact leading up to, and through, the American Revolution while emphasizing the impact of Spanish, French, and English explorers and colonies on Native American culture and vice versa. The third, and final, part of this essay will explore Native American interaction after the American Revolution with emphasis on westward expansion and the Jacksonian Era leading into Indian removal. Furthermore, this essay will attempt to provide insight into aspects of Native American/European interaction that are often ignored such as: gender relations between European men and Native American women, slavery and captivity of native peoples, trade between Native Americans and European colonists, and the effects of religion on Native American tribes.
What if everyday in America there was not an action someone could take because someone of an opposite race sexually assaulted or domestically abused that person? Often news outlets only focus on major even in cities or towns, but never the reservations. With the lack of awareness of the number of rapes and domestic abuse victims on reservations, at large society is saying America doesn’t care due to reservations having sovereignty. Even with new laws signed into place by President Obama to deal with the rape and abuse problems to Native American women, that come from non Native Americans, the problem with this is it’s a pilot only on three tribes (Culp-Ressler,1).It is said it will expand soon, but how soon? America is not known for being
It was not until 1764 when Britain started to interfere with the colonies. The colonies had some independence so they were not used to being told what to do. Because the British government had gone in debt fighting France, they decided that the colonies had to help pay for their own defense. To raise this money, parliament made a new law, sugar act. It required payment of a tariff on imported items such as molasses, sugar, coffee and certain wines. During this time, tariffs were used to regulate trade; however, the colonist felt this was just
THESIS STATEMENT: The Native Americans were historically doomed because of the Europeans inability to accept elements of Native American culture that they felt were savage, the natives inability to acknowledge the Europeans threat to their lifestyle and land, and the far superior European army used to defeat Indian tribes.
Navigation Laws – 1651, they were acts that permitted colonists to only trade with Great Britain and their other colonies.
In 1760, when George III was made kind of England, he saw that Britain are in debt because of the seven years’ war, he decided to make a way out by making the colonies be part of the payment. Likewise, he increases the taxes and make sure they did not enough partner to trade with so that they can gain more profits. To the people in the colonies they felt it was a cheat and violation of “Navigation Act” (Foner 186). Just because they did not have a representative in the parliament. In 1761, James Otis was a lawyer, who stood against the writs of assistance to combat smuggling (Foner 186). The writs were a search houses if there is an evidence of smuggling goods. In addition, some people who do not support the stamp Act oppose it and differentiate between “internal taxes” from the stamp duty, brought about the idea that the parliament do not have the right to impose any thing on them or their trade. Above all, they do not have right to tax American since they do not have
Our nation’s history has been deep rooted in the conflict involving Native Americans, ever since the beginning of America and it is one hard to get rid of even as the days go by. The impact of colonialism can be seen in Native American communities even today, and it can only be understood through a cultural perspective once you experience it. Aaron Huey, who is a photographer, went to Pine Ridge reservation and it led him to document the poverty and issues that the Sioux Indians go through as a result of the United States government’s long term actions and policies against them. One must question all sources regarding these topics because there is a lot of biased and misinformation about Native American struggles, and sometimes schools do not thoroughly teach the truth so students can get an insight. There are also different sociological perspectives in this conflict, along with many differing opinions on how to approach the problem and deal with it. This is where ideas clash because people believe their views are right regarding how to handle it.
England implemented a new policy called mercantilism, which in its simplest form means, export over and above import. To achieve this novel policy, the government passed the Navigation Acts, a series of laws which made America export all of its raw materials to Britain exclusively. Britian then would take the raw materials make goods and sell it to the colonies. The colonies inturn could not compete with Britain in manufactured goods. The Navigation Acts from 1651-1673 hindered colonial trade while advancing Britain economy and trade. The colonies complained about the laws and soon started smuggling goods. Enraged, Charles II revoked the Massachusetts Bay Colony’s charter in 1684, as well as legalized an outcast squatter settlement called Rhode Island in retribution to the colonists for ignoring his laws. Although in the end, Britain's need for colonial support against the possibility of war with the French and the triangular trade routes increasing economic growth, Britain overlooked smuggling and instituted Salutary Neglect. The Navigation Acts obstructed the colonies commerce at first but in the end accidentally created the Triangular trade. Which aided the little colonies due to the new found large scale international trade and linked the American colonies with the West Indies, Africa and
What were the significant treaties, policies, and events that defined US Government and Native American Relations? How did the Native American respond to these treaties, polices, and events historically? How did these treaties, policies, and events affect the subsistence, religion, political, and social structures of the Native American people? I will answer these questions through the examination of two centuries of US history in six time periods that define clear changes in the relationship between the Native American and the US Government.