Financial Accounting Concerns
1. Tokyo AFM recognized premium revenue at the time it received the policyholder’s up-front cash payment. The company’s accountants argued that since the level of up-front payments received from policyholders had been stable over the last few years, this method was an appropriate reflection of economic reality.
For example, Fuji Computers entered into a five-year insurance contract with Tokyo AFM against earthquake damage to its headquarters building. As is customary, it paid the 100 million premiums for the five-year coverage up front in cash.
Question: How would you recognize revenues associated with this type of catastrophe insurance contract?
This case can be considered as premiums from
…show more content…
2 years.
Another expense that can be considered for capitalization is advertising costs. Only advertising costs that are direct-response advertising can be capitalized. Direct-response advertising is advertising for which the primary purpose is to stimulate sales to customers or potential customers that have specifically responded to the advertising and it results in probable future benefits. Hence $20,000 cost of marketing efforts incurred over the past six months to promote Home Umbrella which is direct response advertising cost should be capitalized and amortized over the period of contract.
3. Broadly speaking, two major types of insured events could give rise to losses covered by insurance contracts:
* Events that actuarial analysis could assess and predict with a high level of accuracy across a large number of contracts (for example, events covered by automobile insurance). * Catastrophes, which were generally adverse natural events such as earthquakes and hurricanes, but which could also be human-induced events such as terrorist attacks. Catastrophes were considered “low probability-high consequence” events. They were uncertain and very difficult to predict in terms of timing and extent of damage. For the coming year, the company had estimated that expected losses across all its automobile insurance contracts would amount to 70% of
A disaster is an unforeseen fatal event that causes massive disruption to the working of a community
Natural disaster currently has become a large part of US economy, from tornadoes, fire, floods and hurricanes. These natural disasters have lead to death of people but also a billion dollar damage to several cities or states. According to National center of Environmental Information, in 2015 there were at least ten weather disasters that lead to property damages exceeding one billion dollar across United States. The natural disasters are found in many ways, the one most famous is Hurricane Katrina and another Hurricane Sandy. These two hurricanes are Atlantic hurricanes, Hurricane Katrina hit the Southern States and Hurricane Sandy hit near Atlantic City affecting many eastern States. Although the two hurricanes have occurred in separate years, yet they have caused a lot of damage in large cities leaving thousands of people without home. Furthermore due to these natural disasters has questioned the government how to prepare for natural disaster in near future. The hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Sandy are both consider Natural disaster that has lead to heavy damages but one has more devastating effect than the other.
When financing the construction of a building, the interest should be capitalized as part of the cost of the building. This would more adequately match revenues and expenses in the period in which they are earned. When the building is being used and the cost thereof is being allocated via depreciation, the expenses would adequately reflect the cost of the building and include a portion of the interest that was incurred as the building was being constructed. If the interest is not
Imagine living your life on a regular day for you and BOOM! Your life is now suddenly completely changed, everything you thought was normal or part of you has changed. This is what natural disasters tend to make happen in your life, they affect us in many ways. In this essay i will discuss the various elements each author uses to express the causes and effects of disasters. The author Jacqueline Adam clearly expresses the causes and effects of disasters through the use of text structure, choice of vocabulary and use of data and details.
Description: The Progressive Group of Insurance Companies ranks third in the nation for auto insurance, with more than 10 million policies issued. Fast. Fair. Better. That 's what customers can expect from Progressive. Everything we do acknowledges the needs of busy customers, who are cost-conscious, increasingly savvy about auto insurance and ready for easy, new ways to quote, buy and manage their policies, including claims service that respects their time and reduces the trauma and inconvenience of accidents. And that what application Mission’s was to reduce customer inconvenience and cycle time around vehicle repairs, keep tracking of the shop, self registration, view customer information, track vehicle events, vehicle event reporting,
Relying on the vehicle insurance to cater up for the damages unfortunate incidents and accidents.
An event is only correctly identified as a disaster when the damage is too great for an affected region or city to handle or respond to the event with their own resources. To be more direct, a disaster is an actual event that results in more disruption and losses than a community is capable of handling on their own and they must therefore rely on assistance from other communities, the state or federal government (Smith 2012). A disaster, regardless of the nature of the event, in one region or city, may not qualify as a disaster in another region or city. It is all based on the impacted area’s capability to cope with the event on their own.
According to FEMA in Professor Rion’s PowerPoint slides, a disaster is “An occurrence that has resulted in property damage, deaths, and/or injuries to the community” (FEMA, 1990). I personally believe this definition is the best because not every disaster has to have a certain amount of deaths to occur or a specific number of injuries. I also like this definition because it fits to the disaster that happened in my hometown over a year ago.
They include legal terms, industry specific language, potentially complicated premium calculations or return guarantees, and myriad conditions and exclusions limiting the risks the insurer
Regularly, this sort of expansion results from misfortunes experienced by protects by a couple of their strategy holders. Besides, an expansion in claims has further added to the higher scope costs. Despite the fact that most back up plans give rates as indicated by their misfortunes, some organizations keep on rewarding incredible drivers with rebates.
From the above research, we can say that with respect to life insurance, potential buyers are drivers of buying policy for one or more of these 3 major reasons: security of money invested, savings for one or more specific purposes and wealth accumulation.
Millions of people are affected by natural disasters every year, and their impact can be catastrophic. From the destruction of buildings to the spread of disease, natural disasters can devastate entire countries overnight. Tsunamis, earthquakes and typhoons do not just wreak havoc on land; they also disrupt people's lives in both densely populated cities and remote villages. The definition of natural disasters is any catastrophic event that is caused by nature or the natural processes of the earth. Earthquakes, floods, hurricanes and volcano eruptions are all types of natural hazards, but when do they become natural disasters? The severity of a disaster is measured in lives lost, economic loss, and the ability of the population to rebuild. Events that occur in unpopulated areas are not considered disasters. People living in poverty are even more vulnerable to natural disasters because they have fewer resources or people to turn to when trying to rebuild their homes and livelihoods. So a flood on an uninhabited island would not count as a disaster, but a flood in a populated area is called a natural disaster. All natural disasters cause loss in some way. Depending on the severity, lives can be lost in any number of disasters. Falling buildings or trees, freezing to death, being washed away, or heat stroke are just some of the deadly effects. Some disasters cause more loss of life than others, and population density affects the death count as well. Natural disasters fall into three broad groups. 1. Those caused by movements of the Earth. These occur with the minimum amount of warning and include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis. They are difficult to predict and impossible to stop. All that can be done is to take appropriate action to limit damage and loss of life after they occur. 2. Weather related disasters. These will include hurricanes, tornadoes, extreme heat and extreme cold weather. There will usually be some degree of advanced warning, but since weather is unpredictable, nothing can be done to stop these disasters from developing once the weather system develops. Again, in areas prone to this sort of disaster, some provision can be made
While natural disasters such as floods, drought and hurricanes are commonly thought to occur due to environmental forces such as weather, climate and tectonic movements; a deeper investigation into the ‘disaster’ displays other contributing forces. Human factors have a large, if not equal, contribution to the occurrance and outcome of such disasters (Pelling, 2001). As Pelling (2001) argues, there is both a physical and human dimension to ‘natural disasters’. The extent to which the natural occurrence of a physical process, such as a flood or earthquake, impacts on society is constructed by that society, creating a ‘disaster’ as measured by a
This incorporates not simply family unit squander but rather squander from the modern part which has been made because of Japan's thriving assembling segment which creates a lot of non-burnable squanders which is difficult to process because of the absence of offices made for preparing these sorts of waste materials. This leaves a noteworthy strain on the lodging accessible in Tokyo which is at present so swarmed that a few sections of the city have more than 20 000 individuals for every square kilometer. Additionally, it would diminish the strain on lodging, water supply, and developing contamination rates and would enable individuals to have a superior personal satisfaction rather being jam-stuffed into lodging.
It's basically defined as an event of nature, which overwhelms local resources and threatens the function of process and security of the community. Generally, disasters are the ultimate test of a community’s emergency response capacity .