Tom Robbins' Jitterbug Perfume
In his 1984 novel Jitterbug Perfume, Tom Robbins presents a narrative that rivals the often fantastical tales told in myth. Using classical mythology as a foundation, and, in particular, providing a loose adaptation of The Odyssey by Homer, Robbins updates and modifies characters and concepts in an effort to reinforce the importance of the journey of life and the discovery of self. Like the ancient myth-makers, Robbins commands the reader’s attention with outrageous situations and events while at the same time providing characters that the reader can relate to and learn from.
Jitterbug Perfume is a story of epic proportions, spanning a time-frame of almost one thousand years. The protagonist,
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Furthermore, the beet as "the grounded moon-boat" calls to mind Odysseus's various nautical incidents and accidents (1). This discourse is chapter one of four brief chapters that introduce the modern-day characters, much as Homer begins his epic with the four books that acquaint us with the people and the situation in Ithica. Each work is told retrospectively by a third-person omniscient narrator, and the adventures of Alobar and Kudra are relayed primarily through flashbacks, much as the story of Odysseus is told. Homer's use of Athena as a character whose presence permeates and drives the action of the epic is mirrored, albeit perversely, by Robbins' use of the beet as a similar "character," an entity that permeates and affects the lives of the characters in the book. The novel, as does the epic, ends with all the primary characters coming together to effect a satisfying conclusion.
A key to understanding his writing, says author Tom Robbins, is a knowledge of Greek myth. A particular influence on him is the life and work of Joseph Campbell, author of several books on mythology (Hoyser and Stookey 9). Campbell, in turn, owes influence to the insights of analytic psychologist Carl Jung. Jung recognized the patterns within myths --- throughout the world and across all cultures -- of characters, situations, and events, and identified these recurring images as archetypes (Harris and Platzner 40). Campbell
In the movie Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, directed by Chris Columbus, the main character Percy Jackson is an example of an Joseph Campbells archetypal hero. Joseph Campbell applied Carl Jung’s term archetype to the world of mythologies. There are many examples throughout the movie such as, but not limited to, him having a mentor and protector, having to battle evil forces on his journey, and him not knowing that he has a special superpower that only he can use.
In 1949, Joseph Campbell published his book “The Hero with a Thousand Faces.” It details his theory of the “monomyth,” a theory that illustrates how many heroic mythological stories have similar outlines and archetypes. During his discussion of the second chapter of the monomyth, Campbell says that the monomyth can “serve as a general pattern for men and women” in their everyday lives (121). In many circumstances, comparisons can be made between normal situations throughout life and the monomyth. When a challenge of task is encountered in life, it can be analyzed under the three main stages of the monomyth: the departure, the initiation, and the return.
Myth is a body of story that matters—the patterns present in mythology run deeply in the human psyche
“The whole earth is the tomb of heroic men and their story is not given only on stone over their clay but abides everywhere without visible symbol woven into the stuff of other men’s lives,” said Perculus (PR). You’re born, you live a little, and then you die. There is no simpler way to sum up life. Often times this is done through oral tales, paintings, and various other ways. For those whose lives were truly something great, something memorable, their stories are transcripted into writings. Whether these are simple biographies or symbolic fictional works, stories are often based on someone greater than the writer. These “epic heros” are protagonists that fulfill their potential of greatness through using their bravery, strength and
In ancient Rome and ancient Greece, myths were an oral tradition of storytelling that served to answer two primary purposes. The first role was to create stories that responded to unanswerable questions such as “Why is there thunder?” and the second function of myths, about gods, goddesses, monsters, and heroes, was to give structure to their society and culture in psychological manifestations. In addition, the gods and prophecies served as a reminder to the characters that they don’t ultimately have any control over their lives. This epic poem by Homer is not just a simple story of an argument between Achilles and Agamemnon or the well-known story of the war but also has a psychological theme incorporating anger, especially Achilles’ as
Archetypal heroes are found in many literary works, and in varied forms. In literary terms, a hero (male) or heroine (female) is defined as a character that goes against adversity, has great strength, courage, bravery, and who makes unselfish sacrifices, usually for the greater good. The Collins English Dictionary defines “archetypal” as a perfect example of something. Archetypes in literature was first applied by Carl Jung (1875-1961), a Swiss psychiatrist. Jung recognized patterns in mythologies and stories regardless of the time period that was covered by the literary work. Archetypal heroes present in various forms including warriors,
The movie “The Odyssey” was an excellent example of how the Joseph Campbell’s archetype should be in a hero’s journey. It follows the steps of how the Joseph Campbell archetype should be. The journey of the Odyssey conforms to the archetype in many ways. It also reflects the values and culture of the Greek society such as strength, bravery, and also intelligence.
In “The Odyssey” by Homer, Odysseus took a twenty year journey back to Ithaca. His long difficult journey requires him to go through the land of the Cyclopes, sea monsters, and angry gods. Joseph Campbell’s “Hero’s Journey” represents the problematic journey Odysseus takes to get back home. Homer’s “The Odyssey” reflects Joseph Campbell’s “Hero’s Journey” for it involves the Call To Adventure, Supernatural Aid, and The Reward And Journey Home.
Beautiful women, a hero on a journey, and an enchanting spell that lure men to their death are only a few of the ways Homer, Atwood, and “O Brother, Where Art Thou?” entice readers into their works. These stories have so much alike, but they are also very sundry. The three texts emphasize certain things, have the omission of other ideas, and also change some parts of the articles around.
Jung defines archetypes as, “Universal images that have existed since the remotest times. As a figure that repeats itself in the course of history wherever creative fantasy is fully manifested” (Jung, 7). Regarding the idea of archetypes, Northup Frye was a prominent theorist who contributed to the study and progression of archetypes; he applied Jung’s theories about collective unconscious, archetypes, and primal images to literature. Through Frye’s proposition of four mythoi type plots, “He formed a strong basis for four major genres that associated with each season of the year: comedy (spring), romance (summer), tragedy (fall), satire (winter)” (Frye, 45). According to Carl Jung the goal of humanity is to achieve individuation, the goal is to reach a state where the unconscious is known and integrated into the conscious mind. It is collective in nature from our human ancestors, predisposed human ways of perceiving, responding and reacting.
Homer’s epic poem The Odyssey follows Odysseus on his long journey home. The Epic also includes the stories of Odysseus’ family left behind: the travels of his son, Telemachus, and how plenty, of what we would now call “home wreckers”, suitors pressured his wife, Penelope, into marrying one of them. The characters are beautifully crafted and the story is truly epic. All the elements presented can bring in any reader from any century, the Cyclops, the Gods, the trickery of Penelope, and the disguises of Odysseus, are all legendary literary hooks . There are many things to learn—about writing, about the world around us, the world ahead of us, and the past behind us—from The Odyssey. (26) It is undeniably evident that this ancient text has
Myths are universal and transcendent through time; many ancient myths are seen recreated in modern times. The author uses Oedipus as a way of comparing myth to psychology. Dreams have also played a major role in civilization; the people who could interpret dreams can understand and create myths.
In this paper I will analyze two characters in two separate works, one from a literary text and one from a film. The focus of this paper will be on heroes that have a relationship to an element of mythology. I will use the character Odysseus from Homer’s epic poem, “The Odyssey” and the character Wonder Woman from the American superhero film “Wonder Woman”. In this essay I will analyze the gender, appearance, actions, and roles that these heroes have. Throughout this essay, I will also discuss the negative characteristics that both these heroes have, such as their violent actions towards others. Heroes possess numerous qualities that make them great, however, there are certain qualities of a hero that are consistent throughout Greek mythology; bravery, intelligence, and strength. These qualities are significant to these two Greek Mythologies because these heroes are known to bravely risk their lives for others, using their wisdom to guide them, all while fighting strongly for what they believe in. This paper will serve to prove that regardless of the gender of each of these personas, the characteristics that define a hero remain consistent.
Perfume’s mid-18th century setting boasts a religious presence through the Kingship rights employed by Roman Catholic Church doctrines, that was gradually diminishing due to an Age of Enlightenment paradigm-shift and an introduction of humanistic and nihilistic views from the French Revolution. In past and present-days, perfume has been a symbol of religion and divine transcendence. Incense is often depicted as a transcendent connection to God in the form of smoke and scent,
Mythos, the Greek word for myth means story, appertain to colorful tales that enlightens about the origins of humans and the universe. Myths, as amazing as it sounds, is also a cause for birth of new religions, where and how they originated. Many cultures have myths about how the gods and goddesses came to be, even elucidating the origin of humanity and its traditions. Even ideas about how this world of ours came to existence have many myths, creation myths behind it, disparate in every culture and society, which demonstrates a view on its role in the world. Mythology is simply the study of the myth. There are many psychological theories and meanings that explicate mythology. The most recurrent belief about the psychological value of myth is that myths emblematize contrasting elements of our own psyches or souls. The psychoanalytical frames of reference on myths have indisputably been ineluctable. Myths were and still are progressively seen as expressions of desideratum in the human psyche. But the big question is, what is the beneficence of mythology towards the amelioration of society? If there are myths to decipher or exhibit certain things, character or situations, there also are science and technology, which accommodate every explanation needed to understand each of those things. Many go to science for such interpretation, which conveys the impression of taking care of the signification behind all those natural phenomena,