`` Toxic Discourse `` By Lawrence Buell

Nathaniel Hawthorne, in his bold novel, The Scarlet Letter tackles a variety of themes that include: sin, guilt, redemption, postfeminism, and organized religion's abuse of power. Hawthorne spoke in a somber and grim tone, designed to arouse a sense of suspense for his readers. The audience in which he was addressing would have been conservative Christians and women suffragettes, all of whom reflected the ideologies during this time period. By instilling clever diction, Hawthorne exposes hypocrisy in Puritanism and objects against the religion's superfluous punishments; which force individuals to endure unnecessary and extreme suffering.

Despite being the most prevalent component of acid rain and one of the major accelerators in the corrosion and rusting of many metals, water is absolutely harmless. Yet, since the hoax became popularized by 14-year-old junior high student Jason Zohner in 1996, many have believed water to be a dangerous substance that should be banned, just because of the liquid’s formal name. (Glassman) The DHMO hoax is not a rare occurrence, however. It is part of a phenomenon called Chemophobia, “a reflexive rejection of modern synthetic chemicals.” (Kennedy) Chemophobia is a reactionary, baseless fear that has the unique ability to flourish in America because it has the foundation to; with very little easily-accessible information on chemistry for the average American to absorb and the majority of said information being incredibly negative towards the science, chemophobia has damaged American life. Despite infiltrating our health and food choices, scientific experts have failed in successfully combating the rampant presence of unqualified conspiracy theorists spreading horrendous

Throughout In Cold Blood Capote goes through the lives of the killers, Dick and Perry. Both convicts released from jail and at first glance seem to have a lot in common, but as the book continues the reader can see that the two characters are in fact very different. To characterize the killers Capote frequently uses flashbacks into their pasts, giving the reader a sense of what their lives were like and why they became who they are. Capote also utilizes detailed descriptions of the men’s appearances, quirks, and habits to characterize the murderers.

Carson’s next argument is that the volume of new chemicals coming on the market each year, the universal use of these chemicals on farms, gardens, forests, and homes, and the lack of information on the short or long-term effect of these

Throughout his essay, Suzuki supports his arguments with specific examples. To justify his reasoning, the author uses the case of DDT, otherwise known as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. This chemical compound is used as an insecticide to eliminate the population of malaria-carrying mosquitoes, which it did effectively, and saved millions of lives. Unfortunately, due to unforeseen circumstances, complications arose, which led to an increase in chemicals and caused a domino effect of

The Ecovia ad ‘Stop the Violence’ from December 2012 shows an image of a woman with a car painted on her cheek; the background is black and gray. To the right of the woman appears to be a man's forearm with a blue car painted on the male’s fist. The image shows the man hitting the woman’s chin. As the male fist is hitting the woman, the image of the red car on the woman’s face and the image of the blue car on the male’s fist illustrates a head-on collision of the two painted vehicles. The woman’s hair is blown back from what appears to be the force of the punch from the male's’ fist. Below this picture is the words, “Stop the Violence, Drive Safe”, and an Ecovia logo in the lower right-hand corner of the ad.This advertisement uses logos, ethos, and pathos to inform viewers of the importance of driving safely and possibly make them aware of the issue.

In her essay “The Obligation to Endure”, Rachel Carson alerts the public to the dangers of modern industrial pollution. She writes about the harmful consequences of lethal materials being released into the environment. She uses horrifying evidence, a passionate tone, audience, and the overall structure of her essay to express to her readers that the pollution created by man wounds the earth. There are many different ways that pollution can harm the environment, from the nuclear explosions discharging toxic chemicals into the air, to the venomous pesticides sprayed on plants that kills vegetation and sickens cattle. The adjustments to these chemicals would take generations. Rachel

In Holly Wren Spaulding’s essay, “In Defense of Darkness,” her main claim is that we have fallen away from darkness and immersed ourselves in a society of lightness. Furthermore, she claims this has lead humans to lose touch with basic human emotion as well as the sensual and spiritual experience true darkness has to offer. Spaulding makes this claim evident through exceptional use of personal testimony and copious appeals to value.

The purpose for Truman Capote's writing of his book, In Cold Blood was to take literary definitions to a whole new level. He used them in ways that people were able to relate to them personally. He did this by using several different types of literary devices. Nancy's diary for instance, is used to symbolize the impossible future that will never happen for her. The purpose of Nancy's diary is for her to collect all of the things that she had gone through each day, so that someday, when things were looking up for her, she would be able to go back and read all of the hard times that she had once gone through. This never happens, as we know, due to her death. But coincidentally, the last entry that Nancy ever makes, sadly, is about how she had yet another boring, uneventful day, but she also involuntarily wrote about how when you have no life, and no hope, that even the last night of your life, no future is boring. Capote's clever thought out analogy for Nancy's consisted of something that many adults are able to

The documentary “Merchants of Doubt” directed by Robert Keener describes the unethical practices of manipulating scientific data to market unsafe products. It explains the use of public relations and media to divert the health risk involved in smoking in order to protect the industry. The documentary exposes how companies hire a third party, presented as credible scientific expert, to mislead people about the company’s unsafe products. Those people selling lies to cover for the company’s wrongdoing are called “merchants of doubt”. They create a sense of doubt in the veracity of the scientific data and results collected by the scientist. This strategy of creating doubt and confusion causes delay in government regulation. The documentary shows

With the well-being of future generations in mind, environmental concerns have begun to establish a permanent residence atop the priority ladder for a vast array of Americans. Consequently, writers and political pundits alike are seizing this opportunity to capitalize on advocating their stance on the issue. Information, representing all positions, pours in at an unrelenting and unfathomable rate. For the average American it can be an arduous process sifting through all the rhetoric in attempt to find the real truth regarding our impact as humans on the environment; one such example is Susan Brown’s article The EPA’s Mercury Problem. In this article Brown attempts to expose hypocrisy among progressives by paralleling the Environmental Protection

There is certainly not enough space to examine all twelve stories presented in Lerner’s book in this paper, and they are all shocking—both in terms of the level of exposure to toxic chemicals and the questionable choices of corporate and government officials—but a few stories stand out.

The following involves the second chapter of Carson’s book, Silent Spring that was written in 1962. In this chapter Carson argues persuasively the adverse impacts of pesticides upon the environment and the risks on human health and the environment associated with these “genetic invaders” (Carson, 1962). Many of the extremely diverse people from Carson’s audience targeted were under the impression that chemicals like DDT, at that time in history, were safe for their health. Carson reconciles and attempts to persuade the public to consider the idea that DDT, which in the 1950s and 60s was one of the many chemical pesticides being manufactured and sold to

What do you think of wolves? Do you think they’re blood-thirsty killers, or do you think they are rather friendly animals? In the book, Never Cry Wolf, (1963) the author, Farley Mowat, writes about his excursion to the sub arctic Barren Lands of Canada to study how wolves act and how the community is being affected by the wolves. The people of Churchill lead Mowat to believe the wolves are something that they aren’t, which is a blood-thirsty killer. Mowat then uses the rhetorical strategy Pathos throughout the book to show you how he personifies the wolves and how fear is all in our minds.

“The idea that nature can harm us is not new. Have you ever heard of malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, botulism or tetanus? Why, then, are so many convinced that anything and everything natural is healthier for us than synthetic products? It 's true that modern chemistry has brought us a number of toxic chemicals, like DDT and dioxins, but do you really think that nature 's chemicals are any less