Transient Ischemic Attack: A Case Study

Strokes are caused by a block in the blood supply to the brain which causes a decrease in oxygen and delivery of other important supplies which facilitate proper functioning. Fifteen million cases are reported worldwide annually, although not all of these cases are mortalities, the large prevalence of strokes ranks it as the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. (Figueroa) Because of the time sensitivity associated with the lack of resources to the brain, strokes are considered a medical emergency and early recognition of symptoms can help decrease the amount of damage caused . Although strokes do not always cause death, strokes most often leave the individual with some physical and cognitive impairment.

F.A.S.T stands for Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, and Time to call 911. If people have these signs 911 should be called as soon as possible. Fast medical treatment will decrease long-term effect and prevent death. The medical providers have to figure out what kind of stroke the patient is having. If the stoke is ischemic, the patient will have a tissue plasminogen activator. Tissue plasminogen activator is an IV in the arm. This may also be administered right into the effected blood vessel to help break apart the clot. If this method of treatment is given with in the first three hours of the stroke, the chances of recovery is vastly improved. Another method of treatment is, the doctor can insert a catheter in the patients’ blood vessel to remove the clot. This method is called an Endovascular procedure. If the Medical providers perform a carotid endarterectomy (opening of the carotid artery and removing any plaque) the risk of a future stroke will be decreased. A medical provided can also put a stent into the artery to open the artery so no plaque can build up. It is recommended that the patient after having a stroke should have speech, occupational, and physical therapy. Also the patient should join a support group. The patient should also change their daily life style in order to prevent another

Mrs. Alice Palmer is a 54-year old married woman who has been admitted and is being treated with an ischemic stroke which she had 18 hours ago. This paper explores the nursing care of Mrs. Alice Palmer based on the clinical reasoning cycle by considering her situation first, collecting cues and information about her, processing the information gathered, then identifying problems or issues she is experiencing, and finally carrying out a detailed assessment. Also, the paper focuses on setting goals and establishing a nursing care plan in the community, and target ethnically safe practice. Ischemic stroke occurs when the brain tissue does not receive sufficient oxygenated blood due to an obstruction of the carotid artery (Brunner, Suddarth, & Smeltzer, 2008). When the brain does not receive enough oxygenated blood, some or all of its tissues may get damaged

Treatment of stroke, in general and ischemic stroke specifically, in particular, is aone of the most pressing issues in both nursing and medical science today. This is due to the fact that there are very few available treatment options for the various kinds of stroke. Acute ischemic stroke carriesis a prominent medical issue with a high risk of death or morbidity (Kakma, Stofko, Binning, Liebman & Veznedaroglu, 2014). Stroke, including ischemic and other types, is recognized, further, as a one of the most prominent leading causes of disabilities (Saver et al., 2015). While cerebral infarction resulting from thrombotic occlusion of brain arteries is the most common stroke type, ischemic stroke is also quite common. Each year ischemic stroke affects over a half-million victims in the United States alone;. o Of this group, about 150,000 deaths occur, along with 300,000 victims suffering from any number of disabilities following a stroke (CITE)after the fact.

Stroke, or brain attack, is the number four killer of adults in the world. In the United States, 160,000 deaths occur each year. From 1999 to 2009, the death rate from stroke gradually lowered as improvements to medicine and testing developed. Yet, 800,000 Americans continue to have strokes and survive the event. Worldwide, about 15 million experience stroke with 6 million who die and 5 million who become permanently disabled. (Robinson, Richard & Odle, Teresa G. & Frey, Rebecca J. & Odle, Teresa G. , 2011) The statistics in America are better for surviving a stroke because of rapid response and better interpretation of symptoms. Nevertheless, surviving a stroke often brings on dilapidating effects; which means a change in lifestyle and lifelong rehabilitation through physical therapy.

The average duration of a TIA is said to be a few minutes, however, it this has recently been corrected. By definition a transient ischemic attack could have symptoms that last up to a maximum of 24 hours.

All strokes are caused by an obstruction of blood getting to the brain. The ischemic stroke is caused by a blot clot similar to what happens during a heart attack where blood can’t get through because of plaque buildup that blocks the artery. Hemorrhagic stroke are instead of a blockage a blood vessel bursts and can be caused by a head injury that cause a brain bleed. Transient ischemic strokes are “mini” strokes that happen when there is a blockage but the blood flow is restored after short period of

Mr X, a 60 year- old Caucasian male, admitted to the stroke unit with a diagnosis Left MCA infract. He presented to the emergency department right sided hemiparesis, neglect of affected limbs, dysphasia and right side facial droop. He was on cardiac monitor for close observation for 48 hours. Stroke critical care pathway and commenced and care provided as per protocol.. Stroke is a serious and deadly condition including cerebral circulation within the brain and can extremely affect a person ability to maintain a safe environment, communication and mobility as well as other activities of living. The purpose of this essay is to give an overview of the Pathophysiology of ischaemic stroke, the required nursing care and the rationale behind it, followed by medical management and treatment provided to the patient.

Patient delay in treatment for stroke symptoms is the major factor interrupting delivery of definitive treatment in critical conditions. The government and health care facilities have been providing campaigns aimed at decreasing patient delay times. Although, a large number of people still do not seek treatment in a timely manner. In this statement, I would like to emphasize of benefit of early treatments and identifies the factors related to delay in seeking timely treatment.

Gibbons also explains that an ischemic stroke also consist of transient ischemic attacks (TIA). A TIA is known as a “mini stroke” that is only a brief period of symptoms similar to those of an ischemic stroke but only lasting a couple hours. TIAs are caused by temporary decreases in the blood supply. TIAs can also be caused by a clot or debris blocking blood flow to part of the brain. These blockages are temporary thus leaving no lasting symptoms. TIAs usually happen before an actual stroke happens. According to many doctors these attacks serve as a warning and also an opportunity of possibly lowering risks of actually have a stroke.

About 7,740 participants were a part of this study. They data collected was based on neurological exams, neuroimaging studies, neuropsychological evaluations, performance based testing and daily participation in home and community. According to the research, there were three important findings. First, 45% of the patients participating were <65years old, and 27% of the patients were <55years old. Second, of all the patients who sustained strokes, nearly 50% had mild stokes. 33% patients had moderate and 18% had severe stroke and 6%

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a stroke and is caused by obstruction of an artery. During this attack not get blood to irrigate the portion which is stopped and no longer works. It's a disease but only as shown the name is just temporary. The patient often recovers after 15-30 minutes and very rarely happens to recover only after 24 hours. Most times they are less important and have no neurological consequences.

When the blood supply to the body’s brain is reduced, a stroke occurs. The brain needs to have oxygen and proper nutrients in order to function correctly or the body can shut down resulting in death. People who are obese and have hypertension are a greater risk for stroke. TIA happens when the flow of oxygen to the brain is disrupted. This can cause a loss of consciousness, but the patient’s pulse will remain. In the event that the patient does not have a pulse that would obviously be an emergency. A CVA requires immediate medical attention but a TIA, although still dangerous, does not.

The reason why we choose stroke is because stroke can happen anytime in our lifetime. There are two sorts of stroke. Ischemic stroke is like a heart assault, with the exception of it happens in the veins of the cerebrum. Clusters can shape in the mind's veins, in veins prompting the cerebrum, or even in veins somewhere else in the body and after that go to the cerebrum. These coagulations piece bloodstream to the mind's cells. Ischemic stroke can likewise happen when an excessive amount of plaque (greasy stores and cholesterol) obstructs the mind's veins. Around 80% of all strokes are ischemic.Hemorrhagic strokes happen when a vein in the mind breaks or bursts. The outcome is blood saturating the mind tissue, making harm cerebrum cells. The

A stroke is considered a medical emergency in which prompt treatment is crucial to minimize damage to the brain and reduce the complications. There are preventative measures for strokes, which is why there are fewer deaths presently compared to years ago. Reducing the risk factors is ideal in reducing the chances of stroke occurrence. Ensuring proper weight management, exercising/ physical activity, reducing or stopping alcohol consumption, stopping smoking and stopping use of illegal drugs can help prevent the risk of a stroke. Other risk factors include family background, being older, race, and gender.