Twin-To-Laser Test

On ultrasound there is a live fetus in cephalic presentation. Fetal biometry is consistent with dates. A detailed anatomic survey was fairly unremarkable although slightly suboptimal due to late gestational age. There were no gross abnormalities seen. The placenta is anterior. Amniotic fluid was 8.3 cm. Umbilical artery Doppler was within normal limits.

On ultrasound there is a live fetus in cephalic presentation. Fetal biometry is consistent with dates. A limited survey was unremarkable. Fluid and Doppler’s are overall reassuring and BPP is 8/8.

To begin, the English settlements contained countless differences between their regions. Colonies such as Massachusetts and Pennsylvania where settled for the purpose of allowing the citizens of that area to be able to practice the Protestant faith in peace. Unfortunately, the Southern Colony, Georgia was founded for the purpose of having a barrier between the hostile Indians and Spanish from Florida and South Carolina. Religious tolerance as well varied from colony to colony. In Massachusetts many had to agree to convert to their Church or leave the town. The exact opposite happened in Rhode Island for a time; the colony went as far as to allow even Jews to practice the faith without fear. New Jersey as well was ethnically and

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a rare disease occurring in 10-15% of monochorionic-diamniotic twin gestations in which vascular connections are shared between the fetuses via a common placenta1, 2, 3. A theoretical imbalance in the vascular distribution creates a shift in circulation causing one fetus to receive a surplus in volume, the recipient, and the other to be deficient, the donor4, 5. TTTS can present at any gestational age6 and can progress in severity causing significant morbidity, especially to the recipient, and even demise of one or both twins1, 2, 6. Classic ultrasonic markers of TTTS have been well-described as an amniotic fluid imbalance between the twins2. Several staging systems have been

Have you ever done something you knew was wrong? You felt guilty afterwards, didn’t you? Macbeth, too, feels guilt after he murders his friend and King, Duncan. Guilt haunts him until death. Even his wife, who did not actually kill anyone, was guilty because she’s a part of the plan.

Conjoined twins are a rare phenomenon. In the even that a set should appear where one twin is dependant upon the other, I believe that they should be separated, at minimum, to save the life of one. At the same time, I believe that every set of conjoined twins is its own special case. In this study, I will present the background information on conjoined twinning, give a few case studies, and give the pros and cons of conjoined twin separation. I will end with my own views on the subject.

The most common treatment for SCID is bone marrow transplantation, which has been successful using either a matched related or unrelated donor, or a half-matched donor, who would be either parent. Today, transplants done in the first three months of life have a high success rate. Physicians have also had some success with in utero transplants done before the child is born and also by using cord blood which is rich in stem cells. In utero transplants allow for the fetus to develop a functional immune system in the sterile environment of the uterus. More recently gene therapy has been attempted as an alternative to the bone marrow

Conjoined twins are identical twins whose bodies are joined in utero. The occurrence is estimated to range from 1 in 50,000 to 1 in 100,000 births, with a somewhat higher occurrence in Southwest Asia and Africa. [1] The condition is more frequently found among females, with a ratio of 3:1. [2] Many are born with abnormalities incompatible with life. The overall survival rate for conjoined twins is approximately 20%. [3]

Twin girls were born in the East African country with a fatal condition. These twins were conjoined. In the African society, this condition was viewed as disgraceful, making it harder for the parents to seek medical treatment. So, In mid-2016 the 22-month-old twins, that were conjoined at the abdomen and pelvis, came to the U.S. for treatment. According to the article "An Ethical Dilemma In A Case Of Conjoined Twins From East Africa" it says "Doctors determined that Twin A, as the paper calls her, suffered from congenital heart disease. Doctors believed she would die with or without the separation surgery. And they further believed that if the twins were not separated and Twin A were to die, Twin B would die soon after because of shared blood

October 2000 - A child conceived in part to provide therapeutic tissues for an earlier-born sibling is born; techniques of preimplantation genetic diagnosis are used to ensure that the child does not itself carry the disease

Patient Z is a 36 year-old female, having a spontaneous preterm vaginal birth with a set of dizygotic twins at 26 + 1 weeks. The babies were conceived through the use of in vitro fertilization, this process of fertilization occurs outside of the woman’s body. It is where the woman’s eggs are removed and artificially fertilized with the father’s sperm then implanted back into the woman’s womb as an embryo (FFF). The chances of twins are increased when going through the process of in vitro fertilization.

Are men or women more misunderstood or misjudged then one another? Women are mostly misjudged and misunderstood by men much further than men are misjudged or misunderstood by women. Masses of men take women for granted and base them off their looks and their attitudes. For someone to be misunderstood, they have to have the outlook of themselves be mislooked at our failed to understand the true self. If a person is misunderstood it is based off a person's opinion about the person instead of a true fact that could happen. The manner in which a person’s physical attributes define them as a male or female doesn’t make them better than someone else or should have things forced upon them.

The fetoscopic laser therapy [17] is currently recognized as the first-line treatment for stage I to IV TTTS diagnosed before 26 weeks of gestation, resulting in better survival and neurological outcomes of fetuses. However, because laser therapy has to coagulate the placental anastomotic vessels between the two fetuses in TTTS, the decreased placental perfusion to the donor twin with FGR may cause a higher fetal demise rate than in the TTTS donor without FGR [18]. Furthermore, the procedure of laser therapy is not free of complications. In our series, 11.4% of treated cases experienced premature rupture of membranes (PROMs) within 3 weeks, and 2.2% of treated cases developed chorioamnionitis needing termination [11]. So in the TTTS twins

According to Pinborg of 2005, Since the 1970s, the national twin birth rates have been increasing worldwide. Apart from the increasing childbearing age, the main cause is the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). To explore the overall consequences of dual embryo transfer (DET), the literature has been reviewed systematically regarding short- and long-term outcomes of IVF/ICSI twin pregnancies i.e. pregnancy complications, maternal risks, obstetric outcome and long-term morbidity including neurological sequelae, cognitive development and family implications. Another consequence of DET is vanishing twins, which seems to be a possible cause of adverse outcome in IVF singletons. The sparse literature on vanishing twins in IVF pregnancies

The principal mode of diagnosis is a differential diagnosis, and it includes a plethora of facets; bleeding from implantation site, which may be due to uterine atony, with predisposing factors such as infections, and retained placenta or abnormal placentation (Sheiner, 2011). Coagulation disorders and trauma are also essential facets considered during diagnosis (Sheiner, 2011). Conventionally, there are different methods used for the estimation of blood loss during diagnosis, and they are majorly classified as clinical and quantitative methods (Ricci & Kyle, 2009). Clinical method remains the primary means to