Introduction
Life, like war, compares to the game of chess. There are two sides, and they take turn moving their pieces in play. There is always a strategy for the final goal, victory, or the game could end in a stalemate. An endless possibility of moves exists for each player, keeping in mind the possible future actions of the opponent. This makes the game complex and difficult because each player does not know the intent, or exact move of the opponent. Each player must rely on instinct and judgment of their opponent to estimate the next action of the opponent. One must also account for the losses of pieces and the sacrifices needed in order to achieve victory. A game of chess between the United States and Japan started in July
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The United States would not tolerate such actions, yet had to strategically deal with in order not to confront Japan and start a war.
By 1938, Japanese peace with China appeared unlikely.5 Yet the hope for peace still remained. In his journal entry on February 10, 1938 Grew writes: …nevertheless the future outlook for further dangerous incidents was anything but serene. On the one hand, the ability of the Tokyo Government to control the action of the Japanese forces in China in jeopardizing American life, interests, and property is negative. On the other hand, I cannot conceive that with all our pacifist tendencies and longing for peace the patience of our people under cumulative insult is inexhaustible.6
This certainly strained the idea of peace with Japan. America stood to its policy of being a good neighbor to both China and Japan, however such deliberate actions could not go unnoticed, and a cautious action must be taken. The Americans responded with a moral embargo on certain types of airplanes to Japan in July of 1938.7
During Japan’s “war” with China the number of American made airplanes sent to Japan increased until July 1938. Before the Japanese invasion of China the United States only sold about a dozen planes annually to Japan. This totaled to two million dollars including the spare parts. However, in 1938 the number of planes exported increased to 66.
In 1940, the United States was extremely against this animosity and reacted with trade embargoes and monetary approvals. FDR had talked with the Dutch and the British to see if they would agree upon embargoes on Japan. Franklin Delano Roosevelt did not want a conflict in the pacific as the United States was not prepared for war. For instance, the oil embargo that was organized between the British, the Dutch, and the United States was about 90% of Japan’s imported oil. [3] This upset Japan because without oil or fuel their military and war efforts would come to a complete stop.
After victory in Europe and defeating the Third Reich Nazis, World War II was not yet over. Japan was still a threat, their persistence and ability to fight really annoyed America. As a propaganda poster from World War II exclaimed, “Shall we let him get away with it,” (Document B). The United States needed to punish Japan for attacking American territories such Pearl Harbor, the Philippines, and Wake Island. Dropping the bombs would send a message
Have you ever felt threatened by the one you once called a friend? American’s know this feeling all too well. In 1919, the major world powers met to deal with the wreckage that had occurred in World War 1, among those present were Japan and the United States. Japan was unhappy about how Great Britain and The United States punished Germany, the Japanese saw it as they were trying to stick to the status quo and to not cause a commotion within the League of Nations.
In Pearl Harbor and the Coming of the Pacific War by Akira Iriye, the author explores the events and circumstances that ended in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, an American naval base. Iriye assembles a myriad of primary documents, such as proposals and imperial conferences, as well as essays that offer different perspectives of the Pacific War. Not only is the material in Pearl Harbor and the Coming of the Pacific War informative of the situation between Japan and the United States, but it also provides a global context that allows for the readers to interpret Pearl Harbor and the events leading up to it how they may. Ultimately, both Pearl Harbor and the subsequent Pacific War between
Before any of this occurred, in 1930 the United States should have taken action against Japan, but never did. They didn’t like Japan’s attitude towards China and other countries. Again, in 1940, the United States should have done something, but this time not military action. The United States tried to negotiate peace, with Japan, but nothing ever got going (Danforth, 1). Neither side could agree on one thing because they thought of them as “still a country with similar goals” and it ended in a stalemate, causing tensions to run high. This was a dangerous end to talks because Japan was already in the second World War. The United States should have and many people were expecting something to happen, but were completely oblivious to the attack on the morning of December 7, 1941. Several people were convinced that President Roosevelt had been putting pressure on Japan to make an attack on the United States, but evidence suggests otherwise (Vidyalankar, 847-856). When George Washington was president, he declared that the United States would stay out of foreign conflicts, but this was broken before World War II so that had no effect on the president’s decision making. President Roosevelt
What did all of this have to do with the U.S.? Well, because the U.S. had ties with East Asia, politically and economically, the decisions Japan were making were also affecting the U.S. So, America took it upon itself to increase military and financial aid to China. The reason this decision was made was to cut off oil shipments and raw materials to Japan. This is what really angered the Japanese.
World War II brought great tension between two of the strongest countries during the 1940s: the United States and Japan. Conflict started with Japan’s push past Chinese borders into Manchuria in search of the natural resources that Japan needed. The United States avoided military action with Japan and instead decided to stop economic trade. One of these measures was the Neutrality Act, which prohibited the sale of weapons to nations at war (Nash 513). The United States tried several maneuvers on Japan; they placed oil embargos to force Japan to shut down military operations in China. The US was focused on economically destroying Japan while Japan was planning a surprise attack on the US. Japan. Completely unaware of what the Japanese were
“In the conventional fantasy Japan slyly undermined peaceful diplomacy and forced the American people into a war they did not want, whose government had employed every means to avoid. (Atwood, 2010)”
World War II, along with its numerous battles, brought great tension between two of the strongest countries during the 1940s: the United States and Japan. Conflict between these two countries started with Japan’s push past Chinese borders into Manchuria in search of the natural resources Japan lacks. At first, the United States avoided military action with Japan by waging economic warfare on them. This economic pressure included the passing of the Neutrality Act, which prohibited the sale of weapons to nations at war (Nash 513). Additionally, the United States placed oil embargoes on Japan hoping it would force Japan to shut down military operations in China. Japan, at a critical decision point, decided to bomb the American naval base
To be able to discuss this topic, one have to place himself in the time that decision was made in 1941 after the attack on Pearl Harbor. In the beginning of WWII, U.S was not well prepared to defense hundreds of miles of populated coastline. During that time, Japanese had twice more battle harden carriers than U.S and many U.S battleships were destroyed in attack of the Pearl Harbor made the west coast more valuable. Japan was recruiting spies to gather intelligence on U.S. There were rumors about Japanese-Americans aiding in Pearl Harbor. The situation and rumors made Japanese-Americans the targets in the eyes of many Americans. U.S doubted their loyalty. America did not have enough resources to keep eyes on them. Therefore, U.S government
United States President, Harry Truman explained, “Any attempt to invade Japan would result in horrific American causalities.”1.
Throughout the work, Fujitani draws evidence from, and references, a plethora of different sources that add validity to his statements and accounts of not only what the Japanese and United States did, but also why they acted the way they did. In a time of war, both countries took different actions that were not readily understood. Japan
Although the United States did well in eliminating any future threats from Japan, it was realized later on that Japan was left in the midst of a violent wave of communism with no means of defense but for the United States which did not wish for a direct war on the Soviets, who backed all communist countries.
A key element in the conflict between China and Japan is the large perception gaps on many issues. Each country has a different way of interpreting history and both view themselves as the victim and the other as the aggressor. This issue
The were was a small dilemma, that Japanese foreign policy makers had to confront, which was the if Open Door policy with China was going to influence the west economies? China itself was not sure if to accept the 21 demands that were presented to them by Japan. The demands were enabling Japan control over Manchuria (Later it will become a puppet state) and control over the chinese economy. In the end they gained a little success but same lost a big important connection. That connection was the diplomacy with the US and the UK already starts to decrease and the a small tension will rise. After this important victory, Japan had to try to establish a buffer zone against Bolshevik regime in Russia Pacific provinces in 1922, that were forced out by British and US diplomatic pressure and domestic opposition. This was a very smart move made by the Japanese foreign policy makers because it lowered the tensions with the Soviet Union. When everything seems going in favor for Japan, unfortunately mother nature is not controllable by the government. In 1923 an earthquake strikes Japan in the Tokyo region and wiped out more than 100.000 people. This earthquake will be the most devastating earthquake in Japan’s history (Until the one of 2011 of Fukushima)This earthquake did not just stabilize the potential of mother nature, but some other terrible events are coming in Japan way. The first, the British Empire will end his 21-year alliance with Japan, signaling Western and US apprehension of Japan’s growing power in East Asia. A strange event occurs in 1925