WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization – a group of top scientist and economists want WIPO to promote open models of innovation that don’t rely on patents.
-One can achieve a high level of innovation in some areas of the modern economy without the intellectual property protection – “excessive, unbalanced or poorly designed IP protections may be counterproductive”
Drugs - The current system, in which drug research and development is carried out by drug companies that keep patent rights for up to 20 years, is grossly inefficient and results in excessive prices so that those who need the drugs most cannot afford them, argues Love.
Another signatory, Paul David, an economist at Stanford University, argues that systems such as free and
officials climbed the walls of the Branch-Davidian compound on Mount Carmel in Waco, Texas, breaking windows and throwing grenades inside the buildings, all for arresting Vernon Wayne Hall, A.K.A. David Koresh. Koresh was the leader of the Davidians, who believed that Koresh was a god who lived in this religious community on Mount Carmel.
On the day of April 19, 1993, at the Mount Carmel Compound in Waco Texas, an inferno of flames broke out after a 51 day siege on the Branch Davidians cult group. A total of 92 lives were lost during the fire, as well as many more during the previous 51 days. Many speculations arose whether the compound being incinerated was set by the FBI in a final attempt to make the Davidians leave the compound, and end the million dollar siege once and for all, or if it was a mass suicide conducted by David Koresh, the leader of the Branch Davidians. Of course, this will always remain a mystery, because almost 100 of the members refused to leave the building, leaving it to be a national tragedy, and unclosed case of who did it.
Neither the Branch Davidians, nor the ATF, nor the FBI, were composed of or led by stupid persons. Yet at Waco, all of these groups made extremely bad decisions. One reason for the high-risk, low-quality decisions of the Branch Davidians, ATF, and FBI is that these groups of intelligent individuals could collectively make decisions much worse than the individuals might have made if they had decided alone.
Prescription drug prices are on the rise in the United States. Currently, the United States does not implement a price control on prescription drugs. Every day the supply and demand for prescription drugs fluctuates. Pharmaceutical companies produce drugs that are necessary for survival. Therefore, it is necessary for research and development to continue in the United States. Those suffering the effects of exorbitant prices must do so until a generic form of a prescription drug is produced. Once approved by the FDA, new drugs will make their appearance on the market and patients will no longer suffer financially. Until then, it is necessary for pharmaceutical companies to price their drugs based on the idea of supply and demand. This produces the profit used to fund research. Price controls discourage innovation. If a price control were set in place, of course the price of prescription drugs would decrease. However, the development of new drugs decreases with it. Today’s generation would benefit from lower prices, while future generations would suffer from the loss of drug innovation.
An Introduction to the Law and Economics of Intellectual Property Author(s): Stanley M. Besen and Leo J. Raskind Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Winter, 1991), pp. 3-27 Published by: American Economic Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1942699 . Accessed: 24/11/2011 08:39
The prices in which the medication are set are necessary for research and development. Roy P. Vagelos, discusses about the problems regarding restricting pharmaceutical companies in the written source Are Prescription Drug Prices High?. For instance, it can reduce the profits to support research investments, since it costs at least $231 millions dollars in order to bring one new prescription medicine to the market and in a pharmaceutical company like Merck, there are at least 4500 researchers who work to develop products (Vagelos 1). In other words, it costs millions for researches to develop at least one new drug to present to the market and it also costs to pay researchers to help develop these new drugs. In addition, the article The Real Cost of “High Priced” Drugs,
An effective system of intellectual property is important in facilitating innovation as well as economic growth within a country and across all its borders (Davidson, Monoti, Wiseman, 2012). The current global economy is concentrating more in the invention of ideas that are original, other than in manufacturing of machines. To enhance and protect these ideas, there ought to be effective intellectual property laws. The government of Australia has prioritized the protection of original ideas from individuals through copyright, patent, and trademarks among other intelligent property laws, which give the inventor a temporary period to enjoy the financial benefits of his or her original idea. The major purposes of intellectual property laws can be contested; therefore, they create areas of interest for
Dallas is one of the fastest growing cities in America and many people prefer to settle down there. It is because of various reasons like the good quality of living at costs lower than other cities and availability of good schools and job opportunities. However finding the perfect apartment can be a stressful affair especially for those who are new to the city.
The World Intellectual Property Organization (n.d.) states intellectual property refers to creations of the mind. This can include inventions but also includes literary and artistic works, as well as symbols, names and images used in commerce. The World Property Organization (n.d.) categorizes intellectual property into two categories, which are industrial property and copyright. Industrial property includes trademarks, patents for inventions, and industrial designs and geographical indications. Copyright includes music, films, literary and artistic works (World Intellectual Property Organization, n.d.).
I spoke to Fidel this afternoon and he conform the charges that was made in Waco over the Thanksgiving was is his. He check his balance sometime after the holiday and notice his balance was lower than he though, that’s when he call to say he think someone was using his debit card. I went over his transactions and balance with him, he said he made a mistake in thinking he had more money in his account and the charges are valid.
The autumn air is quite stale and the cold weather is just now starting to set in on this cold November day. You’re sitting out on the quad contemplating the thought of a new software idea and you wonder what might you do to perfectly execute this idea. What type of challenges would be required to properly execute the idea? Does this idea already exist and would you be crossing copyright infringement laws? Is it easier to release the idea to the open source community than to go all the way with protecting it so you can pursue it for all its worth? With other countries like China where using copyrighted software ideas, owning knockoff name brand stores, and distributing fake software is considered acceptable it leaves entrepreneurs with a sense of discouragement. Eric Allman said “The intellectual property situation is bad and getting worse. To be a programmer, it requires that you understand as much law as you do technology.” In this research paper I wish to cover the topics of copyright infringement cases, existing intellectual property laws and groups, and purpose an idea to protect intellectual property. The laws for protecting intellectual property are weak and we should develop laws that everyone stateside and internationally can follow. If the world would adopt the same set of laws for protecting intellectual property then the encouragement of pursuing ideas, creating ideas, and inspiring young entrepreneurs would flourish.
This idea of patenting technology has been long debated. In some ways, patents help push the boundaries and expand the horizons of technology. Patent laws help protect innovators who create never-before seen technology from having their idea stolen and mass produced by a competing brand name. Furthermore, these laws encourage these visionaries to be the first to brainstorm and develop a game-changing idea or to take a good idea and expound upon it. The Coalition for Patent Fairness is a group of companies dedicated to “enhancing U.S. innovation, job creation, and
Summary: Southwestern University is a state college in Stephenville, Texas. The college is known for its Football and have been in the top 20 in the rankings since the appointment of legendary Bo Pitterno in 2001 as the Head coach for the team. The coach requested to upgrade the stadium or construct a new stadium to accommodate the large fan base. This request was heard by the SWU’s president, Dr Joel Wisner, who decided that they would upgrade the stadium based on a forecast of when the current stadium would max out.
Because of the root of the intellectual property rights inevitably goes to the inherent "public goods" analysis, favoring partially the inventor 's power of control will become a burden for users and competitors. Excessive protection may ultimately reduce competition barrier and weaken the power of the national innovation. If developing countries can render their laws to curve it to “the pro-competitive strategy,” and this would allow the technology free rider countries to become “fair followers,” as Professor Reichman indicates. In this way, developing countries can make use of “TRIPS flexibilities,” because “wiggle room” in fact exists in the TRIPS Agreement. For example, Brazil employs this idea in constructing its compulsory license requirements in its copyright law; South Africa adopted a more stringent patent protection than the TRIPS Agreement demands while incorporated a safeguard clause to facilitate the use of essential drugs. Another good example of employing TRIPS flexibilities is the patent law of India. Before the TRIPS Agreement was negotiated, India’s patent law did not regard pharmaceutical chemicals as subject matter of protection and India consequentially became one of world 's top generic drug producers. However, in order to comply with
The concept of product patent for pharmaceutical products is likely to make life saving medicine beyond the reach of the poor and deprived section of the society around the world.