Sharon Fighter
Final Paper
Watershed Issues and Policies in the Himalayan Region
The Himalayan region provides water to more than 150 million people in the uplands and lowlands, and the water basins support 1.5 billion people who inhabit the area, and up to 3 billion people rely on the food and energy produced using the Himalayan watershed (1).
The glaciers in the Himalayas deliver large quantities of runoff to the major tributaries of the Ganges and the rivers in the adjacent basins (2). These glacial resources are essential to the water supply both in the uplands and lowlands for irrigation, hydroelectric power and agriculture and household use. The flows of the Himalayan watershed are affected by the precipitation and the melting of snow and ice from the glaciers. The runoff of melting snow and ice in recent years suggests that climate change may be having a significant impact on flows in the watershed, reducing the amount of runoff in addition to the decline in monsoon rainfall since the 1960’s (2). Inadequate water supplies and energy shortages are causing serious problems in all the surrounding countries that these rivers serve. They threaten domestic stability, leading some of the countries to build dams to control the flow of water and to generate hydroelectric power (3).
In the uplands, China has an increasing demand for hydro-electric power, but water scarcity of the rivers is causing tension in the Himalayan watershed and international tension is created along
However in order to secure their supply they must engage in peaceful negotiations as violence would only jeapordise their share of the supply. Thus the potential for water conflict is there as tensions continue to increase between upstream and downstream nations, and perhaps overtime as the downstream nations share of the supply is further squeezed, these tensions are likely to result in conflict.
A nation with a lot to lose. The huge, industrial and overpopulated country we know as China, is going through a water scarcity crisis. North China’s lack of water affects more of the region than anyone can imagine. Causing negative problems for food supply, economic development, political stability, and international relations, including drying up their major rivers. What are creating these complications? Global Warming, Urbanization and Population Growth, and Industrialization are the three main causes of China’s water crisis. Of these, the biggest driver is Industrialization.
China’s water supply is in danger. Throughout time, there many glaciers, rivers, and other sources of water until scarcity reigned. Due to Population rapidly growing, Global Warming, and developing industries, China’s water supply decreased significantly. Population was growing to quickly, Global Warming melting and shrinking our main sources of water, and lastly, development of industries requiring a big supply of water for their business such as manufacturing. As you can see, these factors has been affecting China greatly. There are three main causes of China’s water scarcity crisis: Global Warming, Population Growth/Urbanization, and Industrialization. Of these, the biggest driver is Industrialization.
The water supply now and in the future affects the population in many ways. According to “Water in 2050”, the water supply is the determining factor of how large the population may grow. In some areas lack of
Global warming by shifting precipitation patterns away from humid areas and water pollution through agriculture uses of the fertilizers which runoff into the body of water together with improper sewage disposal (Problems and Solutions for the Ganges River, 2017).
Our watershed is important to us; it is what we need for are water, food, and growth of our environment. It makes us successful as a whole but when we damage it we damage everything we need and work to grow and protect. By doing a couple things for Greeley’s watershed we as a whole can start to change the pollution in our watershed. The plan is to use water barrels to collect the water that runs off the greenhouse at Northridge high school into gutters and the fills the barrels. When the greenhouse plants need water you get a hose and turn it on . with the native plants being planted around the greenhouse that are going to be grown the plants will be space out from the rest but be placed where they will be seen all around
Coming into this class I believed sustainability needed to be taught as a mandatory way of life, relying on personal change in order to lessen our environmental footprint. Although my knowledge of sustainability has grown, this new information has only reaffirmed my initial beliefs of what sustainability is. Sustainability is a necessary practice that will only become more important as the population rises. With an increasing population, we face a growing strain on our natural resources. The major point that has changed since my first position paper, was my exclusion of the government and corporate role in the struggle for sustainability and global equality. Immoral corporate control of natural resources, such as water, is a vital factor
Nepal is the world’s second richest water country after Brazil because we have one of the biggest mountains where the water comes from. Due to the climate change and the heat, the big mountains melt down more than it has to and so people who stay close to the mountains have to suffer from floods which kill thousands of people. In many other places in Nepal, there are lots of lakes and rivers which dry up. Nepal doesn’t suffer from scarcity of water sources much but instead suffers from lack of electricity as there isn’t much hydropower equipment to transform water into electricity. Most of the days there are 14 hours of power cuts every day.
Plastic bags, they’re used everywhere, over a million are used a day and trillions are used and thrown away yearly! They also can damage an area of land where the land can divide accessibility for water flowing into bigger bodies of water, otherwise known as watersheds. The watershed that flows through Greeley, CO is the Cache la Poudre River Watershed (CPRW). Watersheds provide us drinking water, water for agriculture, such as farming, and they even help with outdoor activities like canoeing and fishing. Watersheds are even a habitat for most animals and help our plants. Watersheds get damaged every day, and people are the reasoning behind it. To understand how humans impact these kind of situations, you must look deeper.
Water scarcity is a problem and will be a larger problem in the future . As the earth warms , regions currently receive an adequate supply of rain . The change
The alpine glaciers are melting with temperature increases of 2°C, twice the global average. This effects water resources by altering vegetation.
In the lakes and rivers basins as mainly accessible inland water resources existing for ecosystems and human life, the area that covered with snow can control surface energy and water resources because of its low thermal conductivity, high albedo, high emissivity and considerable spatial and temporal variability [1, 2]. Knowledge of snow cover conditions is critical for climate change prediction, and hydrological events prediction such as
One of the current issues in the world is the receding glaciers in Bolivia, and they are affecting the community quite heavily. The glaciers have receded 43% between the years of 1986-2014, and with the current warming they are continuing to recede. One of the main problems this is causing is a risk of the water supply in the region. In Bolivia, they use melted glacier water for many things such as irrigation, drinking water, as well as hydropower. The article explains that around 15% of the water they use is from the melted glaciers, with that number coming close to doubling when they are in a dryer season. This also causes problems for the lakes and rivers in parts of Bolivia. Some of the melted glacier water finds its way into rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water, and quite a few bodies of water have dried up due to these receding glaciers.
Many countries are also highly dependent on water that originates outside their borders; the water diversion provided by dams for countries that are downstream exacerbates an already serious problem. The diversion of river systems is an area of international concern, the nature and extent of such interdependency is already extensive: 145 countries share over 261 international river basin. As demand increases, and as indigenous sources of water become fully utilized or exhausted, the only alternatives are likely to be international (Dolatyar, 2006). Ironically, the very solution of one country's scarcity, plunges another into water shortage, this is the reason why water security is one of the most crucial foreign policy considerations of a globally connected economic and political atmosphere.
Discusses the environmental impact of glaciers melting in the Himalayas. Well in grumbine study he discusses how the increase in average temperature by even 1 degree Celsius would have a huge impact on the region. The first thing grumbine discusses is how climate change and melting of glaciers can sometimes be a good thing. In his research paper he discusses how the excessive amount of water in the area has contributed to the large amount of biodiversity in the region. Grumbine later in his study talks about the situation in China where the Melting of glaciers has come to them as a blessing. Grumbine states that 12% of runoff is glacier discharge which provides water 25% of the people in western China during the off season.