West Nile Virus Vaccine Analysis

No one would have ever thought that a little bitty bug, with a painless bite could cause so much harm. This deadly virus was going around for awhile until it suddenly disappeared for about 20 years, causing everyone to make false assumptions that it was gone forever. Mosquitoes, the pesky bugs, will sooner, rather then later, become a threat once again.

Zika virus was discovered by scientists in the Zika rainforest in a remote part of Uganda in 1947, in the serum of an infected rheseus monkey. With five thousand two hundred thirty- four known cases of the infectious virus documented in the United States. There is currently no vaccination for the flu like virus. The chief concern of the healthcare administration is to continue to take preventive measures to prevent contracting the virus. Within the same flavivirus family

By getting the virus from a bite the mosquito must already be infected itself. There are studies currently happening trying to figure out how long exactly does the virus stay inside the semen and vaginal fluids of those who are infected, also being studied is how long it can be passed to their partners. Although the U.S. hasn't seen any cases of the disease being transmitted by blood transfusion it has been seen in other places in the world. An example would be the French Polynesian outbreak, around 2% of those donating blood tested positive for Zika however, in previous outbreaks the virus was also found. Just one case in the United States shows of someone getting ill through a laboratory yet, prior situations show four cases of someone getting the virus in a laboratory

My Presentation on West Niles Virus; Plans for Prevention, Containment and the Future of Human Immunizations was a very enlightening project. I felt my strengths were in constructing the Power Point presentation, my use of references to support my message and my content. The background graphics I used was of a peaceful lake at dawn, beautiful but would most likely be infested with mosquitos. I chose references that would reinforce my plans for a solution to human infection of West Niles Virus and the development of a vaccine. I felt the most compelling support to my argument was providing statistical data from Maricopa County Department of Public Health that compared the two prior years of 2013 and 2014 to provide a current perspective on the increase of West

West Niles Virus is a virus that is transmitted from mosquito to aves and mammals via infected mosquito bites and is prevalent within most of the Continental United States. It is reported that, “40 states have recorded cases of West Nile Virus” (Jolly par. 4). The complications with mosquito bites is problematic because of the spread of disease is due to the infected mosquitos and there is a need to implement a control systems to decreased swarms of mosquitos, in particular within Maricopa County. This cause is important because I have recently been diagnosed as having West Niles Virus. There is no current vaccination for humans against the West Niles Virus, the only way to reduce chances of contracting the virus would be through prevention

West Nile Virus is a disease most people have probably heard about. It is a reasonably common disease. The statistics for 2015 prove this; "Overall, 2,060 cases of West Nile virus disease in people have been reported to CDC. Of these, 1,360 (66%) were classified as neuroinvasive disease (such as meningitis or encephalitis) and 700 (34%) were classified as non-neuroinvasive disease". ("Statistics & Maps." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 09 June 2015. Web. 06 Mar. 2016.) West Nile Virus, or WNV, was first identified in 1937, when a Uganda woman had it. It came to the United States in 1999 in the New York City area.

This article focuses on the outbreak of the Zika virus, which has recently begun spreading across the world with an emphasis on Latin American countries Brazil and Colombia. There are currently over 26,000 people who have been confirmed as infected with the virus in Colombia alone and this number is expected to rise dramatically to about 600,000 within the coming months considering the location and altitude of the countries and the frequency of their carrier mosquito. The virus has no vaccine yet; all prevention methods are focused on controlling the mosquitos spreading the disease by promoting proper sanitation regarding dirty water storage and accumulated trash. Among the people infected is 16-year-old Angie Paola Castro, one of 3,177 women

West Nile Virus is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system of vertebrates, such as humans and horses. The virus is able to quickly replicate and spread throughout the body. In humans, those that are at most risk are those who are elderly and those who are immunocompromised. In horses, those that are at most risk are unvaccinated adults or older horses. Although a vast majority of infected humans and horses present no signs of disease, if clinical signs develop, oftentimes they include flu-like symptoms, such as a fever, and neurological symptoms, such as convulsions or seizures, as the disease progressively worsens. Through research and observation it has been shown that West Nile Virus affects both humans and horses in a

The West Nile Virus was first heard of when it was discovered in 1937 in the West Nile district of Uganda, but was first discovered in North America in 1999. It is believed that the West Nile Virus is caused by the bite of a mosquito that is infected. The mosquitoes become carriers of the disease when they feed on infected birds. The disease can also be transmitted to other animals. In a very small number instances, the virus has been reported to be spread by blood and body fluid contact in cases such as blood transfusions and pregnant mothers to baby transmission during delivery and breastfeeding. The virus starts when a virus infected mosquito bites a bird, it sticks it mouth into the animals skin. As the mosquito bites, it drinks fluid from the bird’s insides and it squirts saliva into the wound. The West Nile is transmitted through the saliva. The virus inside the bird starts when it invades cells in the bird’s skin. The saliva usually attacks the immune system cells which are cells that are supposed to defend the animal from diseases. Virus-laden immune cells then crawl into the lymph nodes, where they release their passengers, leading to infection in the immune cells. The

Many scientists all around have heard of a virus before, but not as infectious as the zika virus. This virus can ruin a little infant. But one truism statement about this virus, which freaks out scientists, is that it is carried by mosquitos. Terrible isn't it? If I were you, I would think to myself what will make this virus restrain itself? Well in order to stop it the best solution is to splat the mosquitos; because well let's face it, mom's little children that have been born wouldn't want to have a small head and a big body. Lots of people came back with this virus but the devastated citizens didn't notice this virus coming to

Herd immunity is the form of immunity that directly occurs as a result of individuals who are vaccinated versus those who are not. In a given naive population, the west nile virus can spread randomly throughout individuals, with the contact of each other only accelerating the spread. In a population where half has randomly received some form of vaccination, certain barriers between those that are vaccinated can protect specific individuals who have not been vaccinated against the spread of the virus (Vaccines Today, 2015). In all, the percentage of infected individuals is much less in a somewhat vaccinated population than in an entirely naive population. Herd immunity can develop in the initial stages of the use of the west nile virus

The recent outbreak of the Zika virus in parts of Central and South America has triggered widespread fear in the U.S. fueled in part by concentrated media coverage and false knowledge of the disease. In a recent survey conducted by the Annenberg Public Policy Center (2006) found that roughly 50% of Americans were concerned that the virus would expand to include the area in which they live, 19% believed that it is likely that sitting near an infected individual increased the likelihood of catching it, 38% believed that the virus is deadly, and 35% believed a conspiracy theory claiming that that genetically modified mosquitos have directly caused the virus to spread. Despite the popularity of these beliefs, they are all false according to the U. S. Center for Disease control and prevention (CDC, 2016b).

West Nile virus is found on every continent except Antarctic. “West Nile virus was first isolated in Uganda in 1937 from the blood of a native Ugandan woman, and until the end of the 20th century was considered a cause of viral encephalitis limited only in Africa and Asia.” It did not become a global concern until 1999 when it was introduced to North America.in New York City Hundreds to thousands of cases before 1996 were mostly in rural populations and were rarely severe. The primary host of West Nile virus is avian species, birds. Other infected organisms can include humans and other mammals with horses being the most common. The main way the disease is transmitted is through a bite of infected mosquitoes, specifically Culex species. The virus may also be transmitted between individuals through blood transfusions, organ transplantations, and although rare it can be transmitted from the mother to newborns either through intrauterine route or breast-feedings. West Nile virus can be dived into seven genetic lineage strains. “Lineage one is the most widespread, containing isolate found in Europe, North America, Asia, Africa, and Australia… Lineage two strains are mainly distributed in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar, but in the last decade they have been introduced in Europe. Lineage three contains a strain

A batch of mosquitoes were collected in Will County Illinois this past Thursday, July 9th for testing. Results came back that they tested positive for West Nile Virus. According to the Will County Health Department (http://www.willcountyillinois.com/County-Offices/Public-Health-and-Safety), this is the first time this virus has showed up this year, and it’s significantly earlier than usual. The West Nile virus normally shows up around late August.

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a disease that generally is transmitted by mosquitos and can infect a number of organisms along with humans. Typically this virus reaches its peak of transmission when mosquitoes are most prevalent throughout the year, these months being from spring to fall. Fortunately, those who are infected with this illness generally do not show symptoms but those who do, can develop a fever which can sometimes result in a wide range of symptoms even death. It is important to take precautions during the peak months of mosquito abundance; precautions include wearing clothing that covers the body or even wearing bug repellent. It is important to understand this disease because it affects the human species and can result in death. Furthermore, we have seen a fluctuation in where this disease occurs over the years. We may see an outbreak in one state, but the following year may be different and no outbreak may occur. Lastly, the goal of this study is to investigate and determine what variables contribute to these fluctuations in this avian borne illness.