FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS, METHODS, & MODES IN THE HUMANITIES – Task 1
A1 - Renaissance
The Renaissance period began in Italy around 1300 and spread throughout Europe during the 1400 and 1500’s. This period signified the beginning path to incredible change in customs, ways of life and institutions that had existed in Europe for almost a thousand years. Many of the new ideas of this period still influence our lives today.
The beginning of this period the European countryside was broken up into large estates owned by the wealthy nobles. Most people were peasants, who worked the land for the noble owners. All parts of life centered around religion mainly the Catholic Church which was very powerful. Throughout the Renaissance, the
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The Third ideal that helped create the Baroque style was a counter reformation of religion. Baroque churches were dramatic creations for this movement.
Baroque painting contained dramatic details, large in scale and was full of energy. This style was intentionally non-symmetrical. The painters of this time were looking to capture the real feelings of their subjects along with the movement or action taking place.
Sculpture of this period again was to create a sense of movement. The sculptures took into consideration the spaces created by the sculpture not just the piece itself.
Music of the baroque period was considered very complex and similar to the other forms of art of this time. Additional brass, woodwind and string instruments had been created to add additional depth to the works of this time. Composers of this time attempted to give voices to their works and invoke emotions. The works were created to tell a story.
Baroque painters included Caravaggio, Rubens and Rembrandt. Rembrandt’s self-portraits exemplified this style with the emotions created in the depth and emotion of his eyes. Bernini was a famous sculptor re-creating David. Composers of this period included – Bach, Handel, and Vivaldi. Handel’s Messiah is a wonderful example of the music of this time. It is still popular today at Christmas. (The Basics of Art: The Baroque Period. 2010)
A3- Relationship between Renaissance and Baroque
The Renaissance was a time of change. It began in Italy during the 14th century, and spread throughout the North. People all over Europe were affected, for the better and for the worse. Some people finally had a chance to
Renaissance and Baroque composers were faced with the task of creating complex pieces that express both human emotion and ideas. While this is primarily one of the main purposes of all forms of music itself, including genres today, in the 15th through 18th centuries, this was largely done through the musical composition of a piece rather than the lyrics. Composers utilized several different techniques in order to portray to the listener the purpose and meaning of the piece. Renaissance composers were focused on furthering the texts in music, fully developing the lyrics Therefore, the use of word painting, the musical representation of a literal word, phrase, or poetic image, is clearly seen in many pieces. Baroque music, with the
The era known as the Baroque period includes the seventeenth and most of the eighteenth centuries in Europe. The Baroque style was a style in which the art and artists of the time focused upon details and intricate designs. Their art often appeals to the mind by way of the heart. During this time the portraits began to portray modern life, and artists turned their backs on classical tradition. Much of the art shows great energy and feeling, and a dramatic use of light, scale, and balance (Preble 302). Buildings were more elaborate and ornately decorated. These works of art created history and altered the progress of Western Civilization. Architecture such as the palace of Versailles, and artists like
The Renaissance was a period of great cultural and technological changes that swept Europe from the end of the 13th century. It was integral in developing Europe into a powerhouse. Although, each part of Europe was subjected to different changes, there were two primary renaissances, which were most notable. They were the Italian and the Northern renaissance. Both of these renaissances had a profound impact on Europe. But they also had some typical differences among them and each was unique in its own way.
Baroque art and paintings were meant to teach people, to educate them about the Catholic Faith (Schroeder). Paintings depicted saints and stories from the Bible. The Baroque style, furthermore, was filled with many colors and drastic light differences that caught the eye and appealed to the senses (Baroque Art). Furthermore, dramatic Baroque painting, such as a crucifixion picture, could have had great effects on people and cause great emotions to rise in people (Fiero). These emotions could lead to a greater devotion to our Lord, Mary, or a saint. Also, these painting and sculptures, with their magnificence and splendor, aided in meditation and prayer. Baroque style focused on the moment, what was happening at that specific second; this would also have had helped the faithful in their contemplation or meditation (Baroque Art). Baroque art, therefore, could also be used to deepen faith and piety. The architecture of the Baroque, for example churches, was styled with huge, magnificent buildings and great arches (Fiero). These buildings and arches reminded the soul about the greatness of God, and they pointed people towards Heaven when the people looked up. Churches were adorned with spectacular paintings and sculptures, which reminded people about how beautiful God is. On a much smaller scale, the art and architecture might have drawn some people to the Church because of the beauty of the art and churches. The Catholic Church wielded the Baroque style with great vigor and force to combat
The Baroque period of music lasted from approximately 1600 – 1750 AD. It falls into the Common Practice period and was the most predominant style of writing after the Renaissance period and before the Classical period (the Classical period uses many elements from the Baroque period). The word Baroque means highly decorated and essentially gives us an insight into what the music of the time was like. Many pieces in the Baroque style have three or four different parts which work together to produce a melodic melody which modulates to relative keys. The Baroque period developed from the Renaissance period. These two periods shared the same idea of counterpoint, yet Baroque music differed from that of the Renaissance period by having stronger
The Baroque music period was during the 17th century. Baroque music was and still is popular because of its “rhythmic vitality and attractive melody”. In fact, many people in this day and age have listened to Baroque music without even realizing it. Composers during the Baroque period were some of the original composers to create immense amounts of music for people to enjoy. A Baroque composition contains contrast elements. Another type of music popular during the Baroque period is oratorio, which is stories from the Bible that are arranged to music.
Baroque art is presented as an art style. Baroque art style is such diversity within in the Baroque period 1600-1770 because of the relationship to the era’s border and intellectual tendencies there was three important effects on the art. Which are, western Christianity, religious tensions, and the division of the Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. The Baroque artist appealed to their viewer in a dramatic way because there were two powerful forces competing with each other in the 17 century.
First, in the baroque period vocal and instrumental music had the same importance, this allowed that the composers had a wide range in composition types. Some composers chosen more vocally style and others preferred the instrumental style, which generated an amount of balance in composition during this period. In addition, instruments were created with specific features to perform the baroque music, they presented a sound and form characteristic, they were built to sound full and rich, but in small-type-sized, mainly strings instruments. The bow and the technique to play this kind of music required a careful and distinct method which caused that its texture and timbre were unique and special for that era. The most representative instruments of baroque period were organ and harpsichord, however, in most of the compositions of this period strings, woodwinds and brass instruments were also used by the compositors, and these instruments were important for the baroque orchestra. Some instruments used in the baroque period were: violin, viola da gamba, lute, violoncello, oboe, bassoon and trumpet. Moreover, baroque orchestra was characterized as small number of instrumentalists, and it was form mainly by strings instruments with a few woodwinds and brass, which gave the colorful contrast in the orchestra, this was called chamber orchestra. On
The music of the Baroque period was focused on having music be a tool of communication to its listeners; conveying an arousal of emotions. Composers of this time thought to use this tool to have this effect or one similar to it to correctly match music from the Roman time period. One composer that goes by the name of Georg
A number of modern artists have focused on reflecting personal perception of the world through a contemporary Baroque style in art. The increasing popularity of Baroque nowadays is due to the complex processes that took place in society and the solutions the modern culture has to offer to resolve them. Truly, through the history, the emergence of Baroque elements has always reflected the complexity of human life, followed by technological progress and cultural exchange. Eventually, Baroque, the style characterized by extravagance and drama, has been defined as anti-classical, innovative and experimental, intended to touch directly the beholder, individual of diverse and pluralistic society.
Baroque art took place in c. 1590-1720 Rome then Italy and spread through out Europe. Baroque art reflects many religious themes filled with tension of that time period in a direct and emotional way. This style was very in the moment, an exact time of history. Baroque is very exaggerated in motion and dramatic, a lot of tension. One of the most respected and know artists of this time was an Italian painter, Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. He lived from 1571-1610. Caravaggio had been very innovative in his time, he brought a lot to the art world. However, around the same time, Carracci was also a great painter of this time period. Annibale Carracci, 1560- 1609 went to art school in Italy. This school was very academic.
The term Baroque originally meant overdone – too many notes in music, too much color in painting, and too grand in architecture. Eventually, Baroque has come to become characterized by elaborate ornamentation, the aim to create a dramatic effect, the appealing of the spirit through the senses, enlarged space, heightened sensuality and spirituality, and highly ornate. Baroque art started in the Catholic countries as a reaction to the Protestant reformation as a way to bring people back into the Catholic Church. For this reason, Rubens was often commissioned by the church to paint various pieces. Through his paintings he created a vivid, dramatic mode of expression that was later called Baroque. The unique qualities of
The new Baroque style is a energetic art which shows the growth of absolutist monarchies and is suitable to manifest power. Baroque was all about detail and not necessarily about substance. The art and architecture of the era was really fancy. Even baroque music like Bach or Silvius Leopold Weiss is highly ornamental. The Western European world at that time was moving away from the Dark Ages and try to create a new identity for itself. No more plain Roman arches. Baroque is a style in which architects and artists that paints and sculpts search emotion, movement, and variety in their works. The Baroque period have higher volumes, embellish decorations, and more. Sense of movement, energy, and tension are dominant impressions. Strong contrasts
Baroque is a musical era that falls between two other important eras in music. These two eras of music are the Renaissance Era and the Classical Era. This is roughly a period between the 1600s and 1750. The era of Baroque music was one that showed spectacular progress of knowledge with scientific discoveries, mathematical advances, and philosophical explorations (Thornburg, 2014). The music from this era can still be recognized today. “Music from the Baroque period is the earliest European music which we still generally recognize, whether it is the theme from Masterpiece Theater, the “Hallelujah Chorus” from Handel’s Messiah, or any number of other pieces (Thornburg, 2014)”. Most of the Baroque music of that time was written on demand for specific occasions by those who thought of themselves as craftsmen instead of artists. In listening to this style of music, there is a regular,