Methods
Research Design This study looks to examine the impact of parental involvement on student motivation and academic achievement while focusing on urban communities. A mixed methods research design will be conducted in order to “explain, clarify, and extend results discovered through the use of “ (Mertler 2016) a longitudinal survey design, specifically a trend study. Since both quantitative and qualitative data will be collected on the same survey, the type of mixed methods research being conducted will be a convergent parallel design. The trend study will be used to “examine changes [on motivation and achievement] within a specifically identified population [of students in urban communities without parental involvement] over time.”
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Parents or guardians will receive their surveys by mail and students will be asked to return their parent or guardian’s survey to their homeroom teacher.
Sampling
Sampling will be conducted by using the sampling procedure known as cluster random sampling. “In simple random sampling, the sampling unit is an individual; however, in cluster random sampling, the sampling unit is an existing group of individuals.” (Mertler 2016). For this study the sampling unit is the school buildings that were randomly selected from the data criteria of a public, non-specialty, Hartford elementary school. Of the schools randomly selected every student in grades 1 to 5 and every selected student’s parent or guardian will be surveyed. Approximately 2,000 students will be given the survey varying based on attendance that day. Therefor, approximately 2,000 parent or guardians will also receive a survey. A larger sampling population allows results to be generalized to the larger population. (Mertler 2016).”When conducting survey research, it is advisable to survey a minimum of 350 individuals.” (Mertler 2016). By surveying a larger population, I can account for the lower response rate that is typically associated with mail surveys. (Mertler 2016).
Gathering Methods and Instrumentation In order to gain data representative of the larger population, six surveys will be conducted
The fact that African American students lag several years behind their White peers in math and reading continues to be a persistent problem in America’s public schools – a critical issue that should not be ignored in any meaningful discourse on community, literacy and public schools. The wide body of relevant research reveals many causal factors and correlates including race, socioeconomic standing, social class, teacher competence and perceptions, quality of schools, etc. It is also generally acknowledged that there is a direct, positive correlation between greater parental involvement and student academic achievement. The particular focus of this paper is on the question of to what extent parental involvement – or lack thereof- influences the academic performance of African American students. I will argue that African American student underachievement is, to a significant degree, likely to be attributable to lack of active parental guidance and involvement. The variety of factors that impact parental involvement, particularly that of parents of non-dominant backgrounds, will be examined in order to demonstrate the need for schools and teachers to diversify the approach generally taken to collaborating with parents, such that it becomes a more meaningful, inclusive and relevant process for these parents. In closing, I will draw on an interview conducted with the parents of an
For staff, parents and community members, a survey can be a highly effective tool in gathering data. Questions for staff could include the training backgrounds and language fluency of district instructional personnel, the number of trained support staff available, along with relevant experience, personal observations and educated recommendations. It is important to ascertain early whether there are sufficient, qualified
Sampling is reduced for all the smallest sampling starting at (SEMOS ≤ 800) each year with the increasing addresses. Sample testing rates remain at 15%, 10%, and 7 % the sampling rates include strata for blocks in certain census so that the surveys can have the highest rates of completed questioners. Surveys are conducted by mail and a follow up telephone call by Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI). CATI interviews have a 60% and mailing addresses have a 75% response. All data is collected by Internet, mail, telephone, and personal visit according to the ACS Survey report. (ACS methodology data report)
In this essay, I will appraise the sampling methods used in the following two case studies:
The questionnaire or survey can be a written document that is completed by the person being surveyed, an online questionnaire, a face-to-face interview, or a telephone
Sampling is a method by which one can gain an estimation of accuracy for population (Jaggia & Kelly, 2014). Surveying is a form of sampling which is often used to provide an estimate. A survey was conducted on a group of people living in New York City which consisted of 445 randomly selected people from multiple boroughs on a monthly basis for six months. The survey focused on the boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island. Additionally, demographic information was collected, including level of education and marital status. This paper will provide the results of the survey as well as their accuracy of the estimates in order for the New York City governmental agency personnel.
The sampling population for the survey was 87 surveys per country club or roughly 348 surveys mailed out overall. The researchers received 63 usable surveys back from each club meaning a 72% response rate.
These surveys sample about 15,000 students each year spanning across the three grades under consideration. However, not every question is asked of every student. Certain questions are reserved for certain subsamples.
After coming up with the open end and multiple choice questions, I will then decide the population that I am going to conduct my research on. After choosing my population I will pick a large sample group that I will choose to represent my population. After choosing my sample group I will conduct my survey in the Kutztown University DMZ because it is a
The method of accurately gathering all of the data from the survey that was conducted was through a survey provider called Survey Monkey. It provides a fast and easy way of sending survey’s out through social media so that more results can be gathered from a range of different people.
The online survey results wasn’t disclosed in all schools. Employees are requesting to have this information before school began for 2017-2018 school year. Please share this information with us so we will be able to review the results.
After I created my survey, I handed it to three people that I previously interviewed about rising tuition prices and how it affects them. I also administered my survey to two of my neighbors inside of my apartment. I knew that they were college students and I wanted to get their opinion about rising tuition prices. The rest of my survey was administered to various students at The City College of New York in New York City. This is the college I attend and wanted to get other college students perspectives about rising tuition prices.
Also cost effective, the mail surveys specifically targeted the members and their spouses. Postal surveys can target specific people (necessary for the member and spouse data collection), and allow respondents the ability to answer the survey at their leisure. On the other hand, mail questionnaires are a slower data gathering method as compared to internet surveys (Hoonakker & Carayon, 2009, p. 359). Similarly, the possibility of response-based error may occur if respondents do not correctly
To improve “sampling representativeness” a “proportional stratified sample” will be done to determine how many surveys to send to each city (Clemons & McBeth, 2001, p. 277). The formula will calculate the population of each city in 2010 and divide it by the total population of the ten cities to come up with a percentage. That percentage is multiplied by 2,000 to determine the number of surveys each community will receive and is available for review in Appendix II. COMPASS will then work with member cities and randomly select households through the use of “systematic random sampling” by dividing each city’s population by the number of surveys it receives for the survey (Clemons & McBeth, 2001, p.
Parental involvement in education is a vital essential for creating a cooperative environment for the student to thrive and succeed in. When a student knows that he or she is receiving support both inside and outside the school, the chances of that child becoming responsible for and active in their education are more likely. I know that there can be difficulties including parents for many reasons. Such parents may be too busy, uninterested or just feel helpless. However, as an educator, I will still have an obligation to reach out to these parents and assist them.