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Appleby, G A., & Anastas, J.W. (1998). Not just a passing phase: Social work with gay, lesbian and bisexual people (pp. 3–43, 44-75). New York: Columbia University Press.

It is interesting to note that according to the American Psychiatric Association, up until 1974 homosexuality was considered a mental illness. There was no scientific breakthrough or any new information that would allow for this change of status. Simply, “The APA claimed that they made the change because new research showed that most homosexual people were content with their sexual orientation, and that as a group, they appeared to be as well-adjusted as heterosexual people”. The decision to remove homosexually as a mental illness was done by trustee, and the decision was confirmed by a vote. I do not believe that homosexually is a mental illness, however, homosexually was never validated or invalidated by science, so I am surprised to learn that it was even considered a mental

Upon the reveal of homosexuality in the bible, many young men confessed to their pastors that they were having homosexual feelings and from this, pastoral counseling exploded. Many pastors were relying on their psychology companions to aid in this movement, however, we begin to see an influx of literature on how to handle these sinners. During this time, pastors were trying to “cure” people of their homosexual thoughts through compassion and understanding. Ultimately, becoming heterosexual was the goal optimal goal. White unveils this novelty of Protestant sex-same behavior therapy.

Association (APA) classified homosexuality as a mental disorder. This led queer individuals, such as George, to constrain their true identity from the rest of society in fear of social rejection and the failure to be accepted. Some therapists employed therapy to "cure" male homosexuality during the 1950s and 1960s. The methods in these therapies involved showing patients pictures of naked men while punishing them, such as giving electric shocks (as seen in the image below). Once the patients could no longer handle the pain, therapists showed them pictures of naked women. As Neel Burton stated, “Needless to say, these cruel and degrading methods proved entirely ineffective.” The failure for these individuals to follow the gender standards would

This paper focuses on counseling clients a part of the “sexual minority” (Yarhouse, Kays, and Jones, 2013). The information regarding sexual minorities and the techniques to counsel these clients are summarized from Yarhouse et al.’s “The Sexual Minority Client” (2013). The basis for counseling the sexual minority is competence. This shift to competence is primarily from the “multicultural movement” (Yarhouse, et. al., 2013). Two supporting therapies of this movement are and “affirmative approach” and “sexual identity therapy” (Yarhouse, et. al., 2013). Counselors’ beliefs and values are inevitable in therapy. Practicing in an area with similar beliefs and values minimizes ethical issues. Personal reflection shows acceptance of information provided in the chapter except statements from the ACA and APA in which Christian counselors seem discouraged to provide therapy for the sexual minority. Interest exists in the areas of percentages concerning sexual minority, as well as, these individuals claiming an identity. The primary form of therapy to be administered for a sexual minority client is sexual identity therapy. This therapy provides the least risk in regards to ethics. The client chooses the goal and the counselor acts as a support for the client to obtain the goal. Though beliefs differ, the client will be supported even if the homosexual

Once I have become aware of and accepted my morals, next I need to identify if they are coming into play with this client in a negative way. If my morals are coming into play there are several ways this impact the therapy I am doing with this client. The ways in which impact can occur is through building rapport, maintaining a therapeutic alliance, through my approach including treatment planning and goals, through transference or countertransference, and by limiting my ability to help this client with their issue. Before 1973 the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders viewed homosexuality as a psychological disorder. This resulted in treatment plans that involved reorienting the individual to be heterosexual (Fontaine & Hammond, 1996). Although this practice is no longer common and has been debunked many times a metaphorical wedge between

Most medical and mental health practitioners agree that efforts to change sexual orientation are ineffective and harmful. The APA stated that "no recent research (1999-2007) meets methodological standards that permit conclusions regarding efficiency or safety of conversion therapy"(...). Douglas C. Haldeman presented an odd case that presented both the ineffectiveness and also the indirect benefits of conversion therapy, where a gay man realized there was nothing he could do to change and finally accepted himself for who he was (p. 120, ). However, not all patients have the same results. There are critical health risks that have been associated with conversion therapy. Many patients have suffered from depression, anxiety, lowered self esteem, and sexual dysfunction. In extreme cases, some patients have even attempted suicide. Haldeman described another case of a man who had high hopes of being "cured" and being able to live a happy heterosexual life. After the therapy had failed him, he became depressed Aside from the therapy being harmful and ineffective, ethicists discourage conversion therapy on the basis that implies that there is cure for a

Persecutions of homosexuals, such as stoning whipping, genital mutilation and even the death penalty, have been around for centuries. Homosexuals were sentenced to die in concentration camps during WW II, suffering a fate almost identical to the Jews during the Holocaust. It was only in 1977 that the term homosexual was removed from the American Psychiatric Association, before that they were treated with aversion therapy as well as electroshock therapy, and on the rare occasion, even lobotomies.

Both movements toyed with chemical, surgical, and/or psychological methods of gay conversion. At the Atascadero State Hospital in the United States, homosexuals were treated with a drug that simulated the feeling of drowning as a sort of aversion

al., 2013, p. 253). With treatments such as “professional therapy and paraprofessional/religious ministry contexts”, Sanders and his colleagues report that thirty percent of those who participated in this form of therapy achieved “positive outcomes” (2013, p. 255). Although critics to changing one’s sexual orientation claim that there are many factors that limit the support of the research proving the success of this treatment option, Sanders states that there is data supporting successful conversions (2013, p. 255).

One very broadcasted story from the 1970s was that of psychologist George Rekers and his patient, five-year-old Kirk Murphy. The young boy had exhibited stereotypically feminine behavior, such as a preference for girls’ toys, and was receiving treatments to prevent him from becoming gay in the future. Rekers instructed Murphy’s parents to reward him for exhibiting “masculine” behavior and to punish him when he displayed “feminine” behavior. The punishments would often include ignoring or spanking him. Murphy’s story was later cited by Rekers as a success story, and Rekers and other proponents of these practices used this story to deceive other parents and entrap clients into believing these methods are safe and effective. However, contradictory to Rekers’s statements, Murphy was gay in adulthood and the severe psychological trauma he suffered can be attributed to Rekers’s “treatments”. Murphy attempted suicide at the age of 17, and took his own life at the age of

Several groups, such as the National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH) and its partners, push forward the application of conversion therapies under SOCE because they claim that these efforts are beneficial to homosexuals. They argue that SOCE, by allowing the turning away from homosexuality, permits homosexuals to having a better life in terms of psychological, mental and physical health. However, what NARTH and its associates fail to realize is that homosexuality, contrary to what they accept as true, is not detrimental to an individual’s health. In fact, researches over the centuries have shown that there is no reason that demands homosexuality to be

In the article “Psychologist say Sexual Orientation cannot be changed.” By Dr. Eric Anthony Grollman talks about therapy failing to change sexual orientation: ‘The supposed success rate of conversion therapy really indicates the ability for individuals to suppress their sexual desires, not to change them.”. This indicates that therapy doesn’t necessarily change homosexuality, but only their desires. Study also shows that conversion therapy lead to depression, anxiety, drug use, homelessness, and suicide according to the Human rights campaign. This is caused by people not being able to be accepted by others and not having the freedom to be

History - Scientists have no idea on what it meant to be gay 10,000 years ago but “we have some idea what it meant 200 years ago” says geneticist Sven Blocklandt of the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (Abrams). The terms ‘‘homosexual’’ and ‘‘homosexuality’’ were first coined in a political disquisition in 1869 by Hungarian journalist Ka´roli Ma´ria Kertbeny (Drescher). In the early 20th century, most regarded homosexuality as “pathological” or as a disease and by the mid 20th century, many psychiatrists, psychologists, and physicians were trying to “cure” homosexuality. In 1952, DSM-I (the first Diagnosis

Homosexuality has been a feature of human culture since early history. In the course of the twentieth century, society began to discuss the matter of homosexuality after the modern gay rights movement began in 1969. People once thought of gay rights as “something that can be cured” or a “mental illness”, but now in modern day, people are looking more into biology, psychology, history, and cultural variations of sexual practice and identity. Not only is gay rights a sensitive topic for Americans today, but especially for the homosexuals who are discriminated now.(Wolraich 11)