Literature Review
What is an Eco Car?
According to the Oxford Dictionary a hybrid car is a car with a petrol engine and an electric motor, each of which can propel it. An eco-car strongly resembles a hybrid car however they only use a fully electric motor as an engine and have to recharge it from a charging point instead of having to use an on-board engine to charge it on the go like a hybrid car. Some eco cars can be powered by alternative energy sources like solar power and hydrogen power. Many cities in the UK have invested in hydrogen buses as they release much no carbon emissions at all.
What is a Conventional Car? History of Technology: Internal Combustion engines- encyclopedia Britannica states that a conventional car has to be powered by an internal combustion engine without relying on any other energy source to power it as well. “The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel (normally a fossil fuel) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine (ICE) the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force to some component of the engine. The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful mechanical energy.”
History of Conventional Cars
The BBC’s ‘Top Gear’ The De
The invention of the internal combustion engine sprouted from the work of several engineers and inventors across Europe and into America. First, in 1859, Jean-Joseph Etienne Lenoir developed the first practical internal combustion engine which after many modifications and changes, led to the modern engine that plays a crucial role in today’s society. Prior to Lenoir, external combustion engines such as the steam engine and early hydrogen engine
One significant innovation was the engine that was created in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen. It was, first created to be used in navigation and succeeding to power machinery which revolutionized the world and started the industrial era. The engine acts as a powerhouse making machines move, but needs fuel to keep it running. Mechanical Engineers are assigned to learn the functions of the engine itself and understand how to further improve it by making it reduce the consumption of fuel or to increase the power output. Unlike automobiles, ships and airplanes with their size, still need lots of fuel due to tremendous power needed to be able to move. Cars that run using electricity do not handle gas for fuel, making it eco-friendly, however they do not provide as much power as the cars that run with gas.
There has been lots of controversy on whether hybrid vehicles are environmentally better than gas vehicles. In this new age of technology and vast growth of human population, there would have to be ways to make driving environmentally healthy considering the fact that millions of people drive(Goffman, “Electric Car Batteries Could Provide Energy for the Smart Grid”). Hybrid cars use clean electric , while gas powered cars use harmful polluting fossil fuels. For the most part, to make sure that this world becomes cleaner, hybrid cars will definitely need to be used in the future. Hybrid cars are environmentally better than gas cars.
Some people have also adopted the hybrid car trend, although many people think hybrid cars help the environment as well. Hybrid cars still uses some form of a gasoline when it is being used, thus creating carbon dioxide emissions. Whereas, the electric vehicle produces no emissions.
Hybrid is a term used to describe a combination of two or more distinctive things, aiming to accomplish a common objective. A hybrid vehicle is a fuel efficient vehicle having two motors- one a gasoline powered motor and the other electric motor. The reason for combining two motors is using their strengths and reducing deficiencies. Electric motor is used at low speed wile gas motors perform better at high speed generating extra power for a particular motor weight. During rush hours, when vehicles are continuously stopping and running, performance of electric motor is appreciative. Gas motor supports higher speed supporting driving at the highways. (Anderson 134-45)
I. A hybrid car is a vehicle with more than one power source such as a small internal combustion engine and an electric motor.
electricity. An example of a hybrid is a Prius. They are also very cost efficient.
In 1680 Christiaan Huygens designed an internal combustion engine fueled by gunpowder. Then in 1826 Samuel Brown altered a steam engine to burn gasoline and put it on a carriage. Later Jean Joseph-Etienne Lenoir patented a double-acting, spark-ignition internal combustion engine fueled by coal gas in 1858. Then he improved the engine so it would run on petroleum and it was attached to a three-wheeled wagon which could travel 50 miles.
In today’s motorized life , It’s difficult to live without motor (Engines) and the main source of it’s input power is fossil fuels & partly electric power. In future these fuels or electricity may not be available widely as they are non renewable energies. So, it may be difficult to use engine with the fuels.
The main component of a car would be the power that actually puts the car in motion. To be solely dependent on one power source is not a very good idea as it is not eco-friendly and at the same time not suitable. By 2040, half of all the new cars being sold will be hybrids, according to Exxon Mobile. Hybrid Cars are the cars that uses more than one power sources to run the car. It is usually referred to the Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) which has both the internal combustion engine and electric motors that generates power. One of the main problem with these hybrid cars is that their batteries are extremely heavy and takes up a large amount of space in the car. The concept of Hybrid cars can be a good thing to the environment, but definitely not for the car manufacturer or the customer. Hybrid cars have a convincing amount of weight due to their batteries, even with the existence of lithium-ion batteries. As a solution, Energy Storing Body Panels are used.
The invention and use of the internal combustion engine was a pivotal point in the history of the automobile. The first attempt at an internal combustion engine was in 1673 by Christian Huygens, using gunpowder as the fuel source, though it was basically worthless as you had to open the engine up and put new gunpowder in it after every single stroke ("The Fuel & Engine"). This lack of a fuel for internal combustion engines sidelined its development for a couple hundred years. In 1860 Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir built the first effective internal combustion engine using natural gas (Bottorff). The ignition of the gas would create a vacuum and the resulting pressure difference between the vacuum and the atmosphere would drive the power stroke (Bottorff). This gas-atmospheric engine, as it is known, was an effective system capable generating 20hp, still it was imperfect. It was further improved with the development
Conventional cars use internal combustion engines to generate power to put the car into motion. All conventional cars use what is called a “four-stroke combustion cycle” which are “intake
We've all seen them before, the mysterious chunks of metal under the hoods of our cars. They start when we turn the key and take us where we want to go. But how does an engine work? Internal combustion engines are a very important part of everyday life. We use them in our cars, trucks, airplanes. boats, snowmachines, 4 wheelers, and heavy machinery. These pages will help familiarize you with the basic concepts of how an engine works, an understanding of engine output, and some information on how forced induction or "boost" increases power output.
Gasoline engine - The hybrid car has a gasoline engine much like the one you will find on most cars. However, the engine on a hybrid is smaller and uses advanced technologies to reduce emissions and increase efficiency. The engine turns the generator. It is not able to power the car directly.
Hybrid cars use both internal combustion engines as well as an electric motor. The electric motor requires no charging source, as electric cars do, as the movement during driving allows for kinetic energy to be produced which in turn, charges the electric motor. This process is known as Regenerative Braking.