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What Is Peanut Allergy?

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There has been a significant increase in the prevalence of peanut allergies over the past 10 years. A major issue is whether consumption of peanuts in early infancy decreases or increases the incidence of peanut allergy later in life. About 3% of children in Australia have a peanut allergy and about 20% of children will be able to consume peanuts as adults. Some of the symptoms of peanut allergy include; swelling of lips, Uricaria, eczema and abdominal pain. Fortunately, only 1% of the general population are prone to severe hypersensitivity reactions, which can be fatal in cases involving anaphylaxis. Presently the only proven and guaranteed safeguard available to treat peanut allergy is strict avoidance; however, this has proven to be quite …show more content…

Mutations in a gene, known as filaggrin, have been strongly correlated with peanut allergies. Filaggrin is vital for healthy skin and mutations in this gene are correlated with atopic dermatitis. In 2015, British scientists conducted a study with the purpose of gaining insight into the relationship between infants with pre-existing skin sensitivities and their response to peanut exposure. Infants with skin sensitivities or other food allergies were allocated to two experimental conditions. The first group of participants was deprived of peanuts until 5 years of age and the second group was giving peanuts to consume as infants. 17% of participants who were deprived of peanuts developed an allergy by the age of 5. Conversely, only 3% of 5-year-olds who consumed peanuts throughout development became allergic. Furthermore, a follow-up study reported that participants who were peanut-tolerant were also able to continue to be able to consume peanuts without an allergic response, even though they had subsequently stopped their consumption for up to a …show more content…

Jewish infants in the United Kingdom have a 10 times greater rate of peanut allergies than infants of similar heritage in Israel. Some researchers have attributed this to dietary differences early in life. Infants in the United Kingdom quite seldomly consume peanuts in the same quantities as though in Israel. The contrast in diet has led to some researchers to hypothesize that early consumption of peanuts may confer some kind of advantage in terms of preventing allergy development. They also suspect that due to the comparative immaturity of some children’s immune system, allergic-reactivity to food has a greater predisposition to develop throughout early life. For genetically predisposed infants more exposure to peanuts throughout childhood sometimes translates into greater peanut sensitization later in life. Moreover, infants from Asian country have been found to have an overall lower incidence of peanut allergies. The trend has been attributed to unique food preparation methodologies found in these regions. In Asian countries, such as China, it is common practice to eat peanuts raw or boiled as opposed to roasted or fried in oil like in many Western nations. This is significant as the quantities of Arah1 (a key peanut allergen) are up to 22 times greater in roasted peanuts

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