Why Are Eukaryotic Cells Unique

All mammalian cells are eukaryotic, and whilst the eukaryotic type of cell is not exclusive to mammals, mammalian cells differ from other eukaryotic cells because of the organelles that are or are not present. For instance some plant cells have chloroplasts which are not present in mammalian cells, but both plant cells and mammalian cells are eukaryotic in nature. The term eukaryotic refers to the cell having specific membrane bound organelles, which are not present in prokaryotic cells. The defining feature of a eukaryotic cell is usually its membrane bound nucleus (the exception being the red blood cell) [1].

You can identify a eukaryotic cell by its encased nucleus, containing the majority of its DNA and organelles surrounded by a membrane. Plant and Animal cells have double membranes and a housed nucleus therefore they are eukaryotic cells; organisms which do not contain a double membrane and an encased nucleus are known as prokaryotes, e.g. bacteria. The eukaryotic cell is made up of many membrane bound organelles which all have a specific function.

Cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell is partitioned by organelle membranes. Organelles together form the endomembrane system.

The cell’s nonmembranous organelles include the cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, ribosomes, and proteasomes. Membranous organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.

There are two main types of cells in the world. The simplest cells such as bacteria are known as Prokaryotic cells, and human cells are known as Eukaryotic cells. The main difference between each of these cells is that a eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and a membrane bound section in which the cell holds the main DNA which are building blocks of life.

Endoplasmic Reticulum is present in eukaryotic cells. There are two types of ER: Smooth and rough. “This organelle is formed of a network of

Passing the cell membrane we find that, eukaryotes have a complex cytoskeleton. Their cytoskeleton consists of a complex network of elements called microtubules and actin filaments. The cytoskeleton not only anchors the cell, but it also aids in movement. Another aid of movement is cilia. Cilia are shorter than flagella and are more numerous. This movement of the cell helps to propel substances across the surface. This movement mechanism is only found in eukaryotes. Prokaryotes do not have cilia, they only have flagella. Flagella also vary from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Prokaryotes have flagella that are made from flagellin, whereas eukaryotes have flagella that are made from microtubules. They are similar in structure, but differ in the proteins that are used to make them. Moving inside the cell we find ribosomes which both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have. They are similar in function, synthesis organelle and ribosomal RNA sequencing, but not in density. Prokaryotes have a 70S ribosome and eukaryotes have a 80s ribosome. Speaking of proteins, eukaryotes have histones. Histones are proteins that help organize the DNA and order it into

Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have ribosomes. Ribosomes are not a membrane-bound organelle, but in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, they are used for translation of RNA into proteins. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes can both perform transport, DNA replication, transcription, translation, and movement. It is important to note, however, that although they share these similar processes, many are carried out within organelles in eukaryotes or use different proteins. For example, flagella and the cytoskeleton may be structured differently in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but they have the same functions of movement and providing cell structure, respectively.

The largest organelle in the eukaryotic cell;the nucleus, is arranged as linear instead of circular DNA molecules, which also holds the cell's genetic information ( Campbell et al., n.d.). Eukaryotic cells also contain a variety of membrane-enclosed organelles, prevalent in the cytoplasm.

1. Summarize the structure and function of organelles in eukaryotic cells and ways that these organelles interact with each other to perform the function of the cell (must include: the nucleus, plasma membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts and ribosomes).

Prokaryotic cells only really refer to bacteria, while eukaryotic cells include animals, plants, protists, and fungi. The prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or any membrane-covered organelles, but eukaryotes do. Instead, the prokaryotes have a nucleoid because they have a smaller, circular DNA genome, whereas eukaryotic

Organelles include mitochondria, golgi bodies lysosomes, vesicles, and endoplasmic reticulum. Even though prokaryotes or eukaryotes deal with different organisms, they do have some similarities. They both have a genetic material and they both have the same kind. They both have DNA as their genetic material. They have similar basic metabolism.

Each cell in our body is composed of the same DNA, yet different cells synthesize different proteins. In other words, each cell has the same genotype, but different phenotypes. For example, our pancreatic beta cells make insulin and our epithelial cells make collagen. Why can our pancreatic beta cells not make collagen and our epithelial cells make insulin? This is all due to gene expression. Each cell is composed of every single gene, but only a certain collection is expressed. The regulation of gene expression is more complex in eukaryotes, than prokaryotes. This essay will discuss both and how key steps and possible decisions influence which cell has which phenotype.

Eukaryotes are much larger than prokaryotes and consist of many organelles. In eukaryotic cells a nucleus is present. The nucleus within a eukaryotic cell houses the DNA. The DNA is bound to proteins and organized into multiple chromosomes. The DNA is linear in shape. Eukaryotic cells house many important organelles such as the plasma membrane, nucleolus, nucleus, chromosomes that are paired, ribosomes, lysosomes, vesicle, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, centrioles, cytoplasm, and cytoskeleton. Eukaryotic cells reproduce through a process known as mitosis. During mitosis the nucleus divides itself. Once divided in half the nuclei becomes separate cells called cytokinesis. Some examples of eukaryotes are potatoes, grass, pine trees, algae, tapeworms, and

A cell is a dynamic and complex structure surrounded by a very thin membrane known as a plasma membrane or a cytoplasmic membrane. This membrane acts as a barrier between the inside of the cell and the outside, which results in different chemical environments on either side. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules, so it can regulate substances coming in and out of the cell. These membranes have played a crucial role in the evolution of prokaryotes to multicellular eukaryotes. (Figure 1) In prokaryotes, there is only one type of membrane i.e. plasma membrane but in eukaryotes, they have intracellular membranes compartmentalizing its contents into chambers called organelles. These organelles have their own specific functions; they interact with each other and the membrane to work as a unit.