The transcription factor NF-κB is recognized to regulate a notable number of cellular signaling pathways, which are related to cancer. During carcinogenesis, NF-κB targets a number of cytokines, pro-inflammatory molecules, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, oncogenes, also pro/anti-apoptotic proteins. NFkB is a ubiquitously expressed eukaryotic transcription factor that is answerable for the regulation of numerous genes. Five subunits have determined for NFkB: p50 (NFkB1), p52 (NFkB2), p55 (RelB), p65 (RelA), and c-Rel (Rel). When NFkB is activated by inducements such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or pro-inflammatory cytokines, it displaces to the cell nucleus and starts the expression of a variety of target genes, such as Tumor
Journalist James Peltz investigates and discusses capitalization of the native Mexican tradition of Dia de los Muertos in the United States. Dia de los Muertos has become capitalized as a theme to Halloween. Peltz points out with statistical and quoted evidence of how Dia de los Muertos is being marketed along with the purchases made by consumers before and during Halloween. I agree that the values, customs, and themes of Dia de los Muertos are being commercialized and profited through cultural appropriation and the lack of knowledge upon the non-Latin citizens.
One study by Shuijun Zhanga et al had shown the ABT-737 induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) by the transcriptional repression of Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1). Shuijun Zhanga et a. had shown that NCTD could affect apoptosis by the modification of the B-cell lymphoma 2
The interpretation factor Myc is an essential downstream focus of Ras-ERK flagging and numerous different pathways. It is much of the time opened up or overexpressed in malignancy; strangely, Myc can tie to promoter areas of qualities as well as upgrade transcriptional extension of polymerase II, in this manner expanding its belongings past qualities with Myc-restricting destinations in their promoters. Myc can fill in as an all inclusive intensifier of communicated qualities as opposed to simply authoritative to promoters and starting interpretation (Sever and Brugge, 2015). Development factor and cytokine flagging can impact the improvement of a few malignancy sorts. One of the key players in the improvement of tumor is Janus kinas (JAK) flag
CDK7 inhibition was a highly selective and potent means to disrupt expression of a key cluster of genes. This study demonstrates that inhibition of transcription is an effective strategy to target highly aggressive breast cancers such as TNBC with high genetic heterogeneity and lacking obvious ‘driver’ oncogenes. Further studies will be required to determine whether these observations will translate to clinical treatment of
Ceritinib is a potent inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a tyrosine kinase involved in the pathogenesis of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ALK gene abnormalities due to mutations or translocations may result in expression of oncogenic fusion proteins, that alter signaling, and expression and result in increased cellular proliferation and survival in tumors. The primary mechanism of
One factor that inhibits TNFa expression is IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by LPS-activated macrophages that suppresses LPS-induced expression of several proinflammatory cytokines. (Lawrence, 2009) Inhibition of the expression of TNFa by macrophages is associated with selective induction of the NF- κB p50 subunit. (Wessells et al., 2004) Overexpression of the p50 blocked LPS-induced transcription from a TNFa promoter construct, showing that this transcription factor is an inhibitor of the TNFa
The National Security Agency mandate is to accumulate information and provide surveillance and security for the world. The National Security Agency focuses on keeping invulnerability to any outside threats and preserving the peace. The N.S.A. job is to provide “products and services to the Department of Defense, the Intelligence Community, government agencies, industry partners, and select allies and coalition partners”. (National Security Agency). The N.S.A. is also responsible for the “deliver[y] [of] critical strategic and tactical information to war planners and warfighters.” (National Security Agency). The job of the N.S.A. is imperative, not only to ensure safety for America, but amassing foreign intelligence data, collecting data, as
Nevertheless, there is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target on the horizon. Studies show that S100A8 is preferentially overexpressed in ATC3,6, leading to the formation of tumors and invasion of the trachea. Knockdown of this protein, however, abolished tumor formation6. It is thought that S100A8 interacts with the RAGE receptor to promote cell proliferation by activating the p38, ERK 1/2, and JNK signaling pathways2.6. Taken together, this indicates that S100A8 is a potential diagnostic biomarker and that targeting this gene will prevent progression of the
The primary development of cancer results from the increase in proliferation of an aggregation of cells in a specific location in the body. Cancer also develops in three phases: initiation, promotion, and progression, which becomes important when explaining the role inflammation plays in its growth. Inflammation has a large part in the development and progression of the cancer and these contributions are eminent. These studies that have shown the relationship between inflammation and cancer date back to Rudolf Virchow, a medical physician in the 1800s, who contributed greatly to cancer research with his perceptive views (Balkwill & Mantovani 2001). He wrote one important theory which stated “The cause of cancer is inflammation caused by white blood cells”. Although incorrect, his theory opened many doors for the research of cancer.
Today, we live in an age where environmental and dietary carcinogens are more prevalent than ever before. Whether consciously or unconsciously, humans come into daily contact with harmful chemicals that cause cell damage and may result or directly contribute to the formation of cancer. Although this is a sad reality, fortunately, medical research and technology has also advanced to provide new hope in treating and eventually curing cancer. One such pathway that is currently being studied concerns a class of proteins known as "cyclins" which are found in all cells and regulate it's transition through different phases of life including cell division and apoptosis. There is still much that is unknown about the nature of cyclins and
Sometime you feel like you have control of everything in the world,but in reallize you don't. For example in " Macbeth" Macbeth try really hard to make sure that his destiny wouldnt come true. A other example of this is the "Sport Gene" Holm try so hard at the high jump so he could beat Thomas. But in the end Holm sitll loss. SO it didnt matter how hard you try to make something happen or not happen, sometime it just the way your destiny is setup.
For years the war on drugs has continued to be an issue of high debate and controversy in the United States. These debates and controversies have surrounded issues ranging everywhere from possible solutions for the ever prominent drug problem, to the legalization of certain drugs all together. Although the War on Drugs began its battle many years ago, the effects and implications surrounding it may be more evident today than ever. When people think of the war on drugs and the implications that it presents, they are likely to think of increased violence and increased spending by the government as two of the biggest issues. However, perhaps one of the bigger issues that often gets over looked is the disparate
IKBKB gene encoding the IkB kinase which plays an essential role in NFkB signalling pathway, it has kinase activity which phosphorylate the inhibitor of NFkB and targeting it for degradation, detail are shown as below.
To identify the actual proteins responsible for the tongue cancer chemopreventive activity of Streblus asper extracts, especially the ERK ½, caspases, and Bcl-2 family together with the proteins related to the cells proliferative activity such as Ki-67, PCNA, cyclin D1, p21 and p27 as well as the signal transduction pathway such as Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway.
Colorectal cancer is still a critical issue and threatening society’s health (36,37). Tumors have developed different mechanisms for deceiving, counteracting, and onslaught the immune defense (38). Tumor cells secret different soluble factors, cytokines, chemokines (16,38,39), and exosomes (40) that recruit different heterogeneous supporting inflammatory cells such as B-cells, T-cells, mast cells, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, mononuclear cells (MNCs), macrophages and MDSCs in the TME. The TME infiltrate with the recruited different cells by secreted factors from tumors (39,41). These recruited cells secrets various soluble factors, such as tumor-promoting, inhibitory, inflammatory (e.g., IL-6, IL-12b, TNF-α, IFN-ɣ),