X Ray Mammography

Mammograms are breast cancer screenings and are of great importance since they detect if indeed a malignant tumor is present and if so what stage it is in (Stephan, 2010). Cancers can be detected at stages I, II, or IIA (Haas et al., 2008).

The scope of practice for RTs includes the following specialties: (i) bone mineral density technologists, who specialize in obtaining x-ray images that depict bone mineral density; (ii) cardiovascular-intervention technologists, who assist physicians with guiding catheters into vessels such as the inferior vena cava so that patients may avoid open surgery; (iii) computed tomography technicians, who utilize rotating x-rays to build an image of internal organs; (iv) magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”) technologists, who specialize in utilizing MRI machines to produce a strong magnetic field and radiofrequency pulse thus moving atoms out of alignment to produce an image; (v) mammography technicians, who utilize specialized x-ray machines to produce

Every year, one in four women who are diagnosed with breast cancer die. In order to prevent this from happening, forms of early detection, such as mammograms are recommended annually to women over 40 years old (Zavatsky et al, 2014, p.1). Mammograms are very uncomfortable due to the extreme pressure put on the patient. The anxiety of possible bad news and the pain associated with this test can cause many women to avoid regular check ups. If women don’t receive regular mammograms, they may not know that they have cancer, and when they do find out, it may be too late. By having mammograms done on women over 40 regularly, we can attempt to lower the statistics of women dying of breast cancer. Even though the study didn’t show that women who received music therapy during mammograms had less pain, it did show that women had lower levels of anxiety and provided a means of distraction from

The National Cancer Society states that, “Regular mammograms are one of the best weapons you can have against breast cancer.” Early detection is the key to beating cancer. If the cancer is

Mammography is a non-invasive radiographic modality performed to image tissues of the breast to detect abnormalities of the breast tissue and provide a diagnosis. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in woman. The best defense against breast cancer is early detection with regular mammograms (Bontrager, 2014, 248). Mammography uses a low dose of ionizing radiation to image and detect breast tissue abnormalities, and is most often used in conjunction with ultrasound, nuclear medicine, MRI and PET scans. Mammograms use a low kV and high mAs, therefore radiation dose is substantial to patients’ tissues. Women are not the only gender to have a mammogram procedure

What if the age to get mammograms would drop to the age of 50 instead of 40? According to Ph.D. Diana Zuckerman and Ph.D. Anna E. Mazzucco, this is what the “U.S. Preventative Services Task Force recommends” on doing (Zuckerman, Mazzucco 1). This is a big change in women in that, now women may feel more comfortable with the idea of getting mammograms done, but at a later age. Mammograms have been used for some time now and they have proven to help save lives of women. People might argue that mammograms are not effective, but they are if they are saving lives. In a women’s life it is important to get mammograms so they can detect any abnormality or any cancer that can be developed. With this they can save their lives and protect their loved ones from a tragedy that can happen. Which is why I propose that there should be an organization that informs women on the benefits of mammograms and how they can save their lives.

Medical screening and testing continues to grow and advance every day. These various advances allow us to detect harmful effects on the body such as cancer, much sooner because it allows us to regularly check patients as a precaution. Some screenings are not mandatory; however, having the screening done is very beneficial in detecting early stages of cancer. One of the most common screening among women is mammograms. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in U.S. women. Early detection is associated with increased survival and annual routine mammogram screening has until recently been recommended to all women aged 40-74 years of age in the United States.1 Overall effectiveness of a mammogram does not only include the

The article describes the lack of strong evidence to support the guideline of rather women should start mammogram screening at age 40 or 50 as well as the age to stop having mammogram screening. A group of experts in primary care and prevention called USPSTF recommend women of age 40 to 49 to consult with their doctor about mammogram and decide for themselves on when is the better time to start mammogram screening. Early mammogram has caused a number of false positive cases and unnecessary breast biopsies. This has cause the U.S. health care system as much as $4 billion dollar per year. Even though early mammogram has saved lives, there is no strong evidence to really back up when mammogram screening should begin versus the risk and cost.

In this careful way which undergone growth a chest order system that was based on chest anatomy to register female breasts into a common order frame in 2-d mediolateral (ML) or mediolateral sloping (MLO) view mammograms. The breasts were recorded, listed according to the placing of the pectoral muscle and the pointed part and the form of the chest division line because these were thought out as the most strong features independent of the chest size and form. On the base of these landmarks, we have made a nonlinear mapping between the parameter frame and the chest field, range in the mammogram. This mapping made it possible to make out the being like (in some way) positions and adjustments among all of the ML or MLO mammograms, which helps an

Breast cancer is the most common cause of death among women (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). The latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C.D.C.) state that in 2013 230,815 women in the United States were diagnosed with breast cancer, and in 2013 40,860 women died from breast cancer (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). From 2002 to 2012, the occurrences of a breast cancer diagnosis remained at an even level, however the death rate from breast cancer decreased by 1.9% per year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Mammography has been used for years to detect breast cancer and is considered the most effective tool to identify breast cancer (Komen, 2016).

By the Digital Breast Biopsy system improving through Space Exploration from NASA, more women each year are dramatically benefited from the reduction in diagnostic time, identifies lesions more clearly, reduces the number of unnecessary surgical invasive biopsy procedures, pain, scarring,

A common test performed when trying to diagnose respiratory infections is a chest x-ray. When looking at the results of the x-ray in the case study there was interstitial fluid found in the lungs. Looking at Catherine Goodmans text Pathology, PCP is described as cysts that grow and burst with fluid, and giving way to more cysts that continue the cycle. These cysts and their bursting could lead to the fluid found in the x-ray. When looking at TB, the textbook states that the most common things seen in an x-ray would be atelectasis(a burst lung), lesions forming on the lung surface, and solid masses. None of these fit the description. In addition the patient did not mention a prolonged and slowly progressing case. Tuberculosis is noted to work

Dr. Lightened stated that if more women in their forties would get screened it would help reduce breast cancer death rates, in women age forty to forty-nine by thirty present. Women of all ages should do self-exams at least ones a month to detect changes in there own breasts and have yearly exams done by your physician. Women forty and older should have a mammogram every year as long as they do not have serious health problems. If high risk for breast cancer, because of a family history they may be able to get a mammogram before the age of forty. States are making breast cancer screening more available to medically underserved women through the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s they attempt to reach as many women and men in medically underserved communities as possible including older women without health insurance and women who are minorities.

Millions of women are diagnosed with breast cancer annually and their chances of survival depends on an early treatment which is only possible if the cancerous lesion is identified early. The most established tool for early detection to date is mammograms, and radiologists accuracy in reading them. Existing evidences that the use of mammograms decreases mortality rate is more sufficient, however it is still lacking for women below the age of 50 as identification of lesions in this particular group is considered to difficult. The proposed test in this paper aims to address this issue. The test will assess radiologists performance in terms of their accuracy when detecting and classifying lesions when screening mammograms of women in this particular age group. Interpretation time and its association with accuracy will also be assessed. Further analyses using the Proportional Hazard model will also be used to solidify the association between detection and time. The proposal will also outline psychometric measures which are used to evaluate the test effectiveness in terms of its reliability and validity.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death and one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among women in the United States (Tang, Patterson, Roubidoux, & Duan, 2009). Screening mammography has been shown to decrease the breast cancer mortality rate through early detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Despite the benefits of screening mammography millions of eligible women are either overdue or have never received a screening mammogram.