. Assume that the South African economy is at equilibrium where output is equal to the natural level of output. Now suppose there is an increase in unemployment benefits in the country. Use the IC-LM-PC model to graphically illustrate the effects of an increase in unemployment benefits on the labor market (the WS and PS curves), the goods and money markets (the IS and LM curves) and on the Phillips curve. In your answer illustrate the differences in what happens to output, inflation and real interest rate between the short-run (SR) and medium-run (MR).
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1. Assume that the South African economy is at equilibrium where output is equal to the natural level of output. Now suppose there is an increase in
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- Let's say that at some time in the past the central bank of a nation raised real interest rates to get inflation under control. Inflation has stayed low now for a couple of years. As people in the economy build this now-lower inflation into their expectations, the economy will move further away from the LR value of output we'll move to the right along the same Phillips Curve the Fed will shift the MP curve further upward the Phillips curve will shift rightwardAssume the economy of Country X is operating above its full-employment output level. Using a correctly labeled graph of aggregate demand, short-run aggregate supply, and long-run aggregate supply, show the short-run equilibrium, labeling the equilibrium price level as PLe and the equilibrium output as Ye. Draw a single correctly labeled graph and show both a short-run and a long-run Phillips curve. Identify a point that could represent the short-run equilibrium in part (a) and label it as Z. Assume that the central bank of Country X wants the economy to be in full-employment equilibrium. What open-market operation should the central bank initiate? Given your answer in part (c), what will be the effect of the central bank’s open-market operation on each of the following in the short run? The nominal interest rate Employment. Explain. Assume that the real interest rate increases in Country X. Will the international value of Country X’s currency increase, decrease, or…Assume that α = β = 1, derive the MR curve graphically using the tangencies between the loss circles and the Phillips curves. With reference to the diagrams, explain the effect of the following (in each case, assume all other parameters are held constant):(a) An increase in the slope of the Phillips curve, α.
- Hi, could you help me solve this problem? Consider an increase in global oil and gas prices from the point of the euro area (that does not produce much oil or gas itself). Think of this shock as a supply shock and use the AD-AS -model to explain how it is likely to affect output (or unemployment) and inflation. How does your result relate to the original Phillips curve? Your answer should include a graph and a short explanation in words.During the early 1990’s, Japan experienced an asset price bubble collapse followed by a massive decrease in economic activity. At that time, Japanese inflation was running at 1.76% a)Assuming that inflation expectations in Japan were equal to the previous period’s inflation rate, show (and explain), using the multiplier model, the labour market model, and the Phillips Curve, how the abovementioned asset price bubble collapse led to drop in economic activity in the short-run and deflationary pressure into the medium run (MR), ceteris paribus b) Explain the concept of the zero lower bound, and show how it can lead to a deflationary spiral. Use the Fisher equation to aid your explanation.Assume that a country’s economy is in a short-run equilibrium and the actual unemployment rate is lower than the natural rate of unemployment. Using a correctly labeled graph of the long-run aggregate supply curve, short-run aggregate supply curve, and aggregate demand curve, show each of the following. Current price level, labeled PL1, and current output level, labeled Y1 The full-employment output level, labeled YF. What open-market operation can the country’s central bank use to move the economy toward its long-run equilibrium? Use a correctly labeled money-market graph to show how the country’s central bank action to move the economy toward its long-run equilibrium affects the equilibrium nominal interest rate in the short run. Based on the interest rate change from part (c), will each of the following increase, decrease, or remain the same in the short run? Real output. Explain. Natural rate of unemployment Assume instead that the central bank does not pursue…
- In the basic New Keynesian model, suppose that there is an increase in the future marginal product of capital. Explain your results with the aid of diagrams. Suppose that the central bank keeps the nominal interest rate at its initial value. What will be the effect on current inflation and on output? Suppose that the economy initially faces an increase in anticipated future inflation and a zero output gap. When the shock occurs, what should the central bank do?. Explain how the original Phillips curve was transformed into the expectations augmented Phillips curve. Using the latter, describe why any expansionary policy would not be effective in the long run and move the macro-economy back to the Natural Rate of Unemployment (NRU).The following graph plots the long-run Phillips curve (LRPC) and short-run Phillips curve (SRPC1SRPC1) for an economy currently experiencing long-run equilibrium at point A (grey star symbol). Which of the following is true along SRPC1SRPC1? -The actual unemployment rate is 6%. -The expected inflation rate is 5%. -The actual inflation rate is 5%. -The natural rate of unemployment is 3%. Suppose that the central bank for this economy suddenly and unexpectedly decreases the money supply in an effort to reduce inflation. As a result of this unanticipated policy action, actual inflation falls to 3%. On the previous graph, use the black point (plus symbol labeled "B") to illustrate the short-run effects of this policy. Suppose that now, after a period of 3% inflation, households and firms begin to expect that the inflation rate will persist at the level of 3%. On the previous graph, use the purple line (diamond symbol) to draw SRPC2SRPC2, the short-run Phillips curve that is…
- The following graph plots the long-run Phillips curve (LRPC) and short-run Phillips curve (SRPC1SRPC1) for an economy currently experiencing long-run equilibrium at point A (grey star symbol). Which of the following is true along SRPC1SRPC1? -The actual unemployment rate is 6%. -The expected inflation rate is 5%. -The actual inflation rate is 5%. -The natural rate of unemployment is 3%. Suppose that the central bank for this economy suddenly and unexpectedly decreases the money supply in an effort to reduce inflation. As a result of this unanticipated policy action, actual inflation falls to 3%. On the previous graph, use the black point (plus symbol labeled "B") to illustrate the short-run effects of this policy. Suppose that now, after a period of 3% inflation, households and firms begin to expect that the inflation rate will persist at the level of 3%. On the previous graph, use the purple line (diamond symbol) to draw SRPC2SRPC2, the short-run…An economy is currently in a recession. (a) Draw a single correctly labeled graph with both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves. Label the current short-run equilibrium as point X. (b) Is the expected inflation rate greater than, less than, or equal to the actual inflation rate? (c) Will borrowers on fixed-rate loans benefit from the situation that you identified in part (b)? Explain. (d) Assume the government budget is balanced. In the absence of any discretionary policy action, will the government budget move into surplus, deficit, or remain in balance? Explain. (e) On your graph in part (a), show how the economy will adjust in the long run in the absence of any discretionary policy action. (f) Now assume instead the government increases spending without changing taxes to close the recessionary gap. What effect will this policy have on the national debt? (g) Draw a correctly labeled graph of the loanable funds market and show the effect of the change in the national debt…Suppose that natural real GDP is constant For every 1 Suppose that natural real GDP is constant. For every 1 percent increase in the rate of inflation above its expected level, firms are willing to increase real GDP by 2 percent. The output ratio is initially 100 and the inflation rate equals 2 percent. (a) Based upon the preceding information, draw the short-run Phillips Curve. (b) What is the growth rate of nominal GDP in the economy? An adverse supply shock raises the inflation rate associated with every output ratio by 3 percentage points. (c) Draw the new short-run Phillips Curve. (d) The government chooses to follow a neutral policy in response to this shock. What will be the growth rate of nominal GDP? What will be the new rate of inflation? What will be the output ratio? (e) If the government chooses to follow an accommodating policy, what would be the new inflation rate? The output ratio? The growth rate of nominal GDP? (f) If the government chooses to follow an…