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Some mutations that occur in bacteria can cause the loss of phage receptors, and these bacteria become phage resistant. In order for a phage to infect the host bacterium, it is preferred that the cell wall is newly synthesized.
why ?
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- One of the reasons why phage therapy has not been applied widely is that bacteria can become resistant to bacteriophages as well, through mutations in genes encoding for specific proteins. What would be a protein in the bacterial cell that, if mutated, would make that cell resistant to phage infection?After a phage injects its DNA into a bacterial cell, the cell begins making proteins that make up the phage coat. Why does the same thing not happen when a generalized transducing particle injects the DNA it carries?You are studying your favorite (hypothetical) bacteriophage named M277. It infects E. coli and stays dormant within the bacterial cell. How does a phage become dormant within a cell? Generally, describe the steps of infection by phage in this scenario
- What advantages might a phage gain by being capable of lysogeny?What enzyme is responsible for the production of viral DNA from a retrovirus?Imagine that you are a student in Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase’s lab in the late 1940s. You are given five test tubes containing E. Coli bacteria infected with T2 bacteriophages that have been labeled with either 32P or 35S. Unfortunately, you forget to mark the tubes and are now uncertain about which tubes is which. You performed their blender experiment and got the following results. Which tube out of these 5 contains E. Coli infected with 32P-labeled phage? Explain your answer.
- In an experiment, scientists grew bacteriophages in a culture with radioactive phosphorus (32P). The phages were then allowed to infect E. coli. a. The phages were then allowed to infect E. coli. Where was the 32P found after mixing with the E. coli?Which type of phages can perform specialized transduction?Which type of phages can perform generalized transduction?
- a bacteriophage has been isolated from the growth chambers that has evolved the capability to the methylate its own DNA when it is replicated inside the host bacterium. why is this a problem?In a petri dish with solidified agar with escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes and staphylococcus aureus, you streak a loopfull of lytic T4-phage in a single line onto the center of the the dish, how do you know if bacteriophage infected the bacteria. why didn't the bacteriophage infect all 3 bacteria?If a single bacteriophage infects one E. coli cell present on a lawn of bacteria and, upon lysis, yields 200 viable viruses, how many phages will exist in a single plaque if three more lytic cycles occur?