. What are the Rod and Cone cells in a human eye and describe differences between them in detail? [5]
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- What is the equation for 3D heat transfer?Absorptivity, reflectivity and transmissivity are three main properties inradiation heat transfer. With the help of illustration distinguished the differentbetween these three properties and conclude the relationship between them.2000 degrees * C The temperature of the filament of an incandescent light bulb is . Assuming the filame be a blackbody, determine the fraction of the radiant energy emitted by the filament that falls in visible range. Also, determine the wavelength at which the emission of radiation from the filar peaks.
- Interference can occur in thin films. Why is it important that the films be thin? Why don’t you get these effects with a relatively thick film? Where should you put the dividing line between “thin” and “thick”? Explain your reasoningThe speed of sound in air is 340 m/s, and the speed of light is 3.0 X 108 m/s. What frequency oflight has the same wavelength as a 200.0 Hz sound wave?4. The filament of a 75 W light bulb may be considered as a black body radiating into a black enclosure at 70° C. the filament diameter is 0.10 mm and length is 5 em. considering the radiation, determine the filament temperature .
- The tungsten filament of an incandescent light bulb has a temperature of approximately 3000 K. The emissivity of tungsten is approximately 1/3, and you may assume that it is independent of wavelength. To increase the efficiency of an incandescent bulb, would you want to raise or lower the temperature? (Some incandescent bulbs do attain slightly higher efficiency by using a different temperature.)A small 100 cd spring is located in the center of a spherical mirror with a diameter of 10 cm and a focal length of 50 cm. Assuming that the total reflectance is about 80%, obtain the average brightness of the parallel beam reflected from the mirror.3. Consider an enelosure consisting of 13 surfaces. How many view factors does this geometry involve? How many of these view factors can be determined by the application of the reciprocity and the summation rules?
- 3. How to use radiation in food preservation process. What is the health issue related consumption of radiated foods?. 4. Compare the rapid and slow freezing in details .You are using a heated cylindrical tube blackbody as a chamber for anexperiment. The tube is 2m long and 400mm in diameter. The tube must be kept at 600oC for the experiment. For this problem, assume that radiation is the only mode of heat transfer. Determine: a) The blackbody emissive power b) The amount of radiation emitted by the ball in 12 minutes at 18 um.a) What fraction of the radiation is from 0 to 4 micrometers? What would the fraction be from 4 to 6 micrometers? b) What is the emissivity for this surface? c) What is the emissive power of this surface, in W/m2?