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- Is there a special reason why the symbol or name used in the C++ inclusion guard on a library interface file has to be special? A helpful tactic in this situation is to use proof by contradiction: assume that the symbol doesn't need to be unique, and then show what happens when two libraries that are both #included in the same application use the same symbol.Consider this case: two classes, program and evaluation, are usedat the top level to interact with the Python code. If we would like to supportmultiple C++ implementations for evaluation, e.g. a simple implementation, asecond implementation using multi-threading, and a third implementation usingCUDA, how would you modify the current class design so that the changes wouldbe minimal? Describe your ideas without providing implementation details.a) Write down what will be the output of the following program and briefly justify youranswer.b) Instead of the “replacement” semantics of exception handling used in modern languages(i.e., the semantics introduced in lecture), a very early design of exception handling introducedin the PL/I language uses a “binding” semantics. In particular, the design dynamically tracks asequence of “catch” blocks that are currently active; a catch block is active whenever the corre-sponding try block is active. Moreover, whenever an exception is thrown, the sequence of active“catch” blocks will be traversed (in a first-in-last-out manner) to find a matching handler. Fur-thermore, execution will resume at the statement following the one that throws exception, ratherthan the next statement after the matching “catch” block as we have seen in the “replacement”semantics. What will be the output of the following program if the language uses the “binding” semantics?Briefly justify your answer
- To what end does it matter if the symbol or name used in the C++ inclusion guard on a library interface file be distinct? By assuming that the symbol doesn't need to be unique, and then showing what happens when two libraries that are to be #included in the same application both use the same symbol, we have a helpful proof by contradiction approach at our disposal.3. Consider a hospital information system using which patients can take appointment with a doctor on first come first serve basis and their appointments are maintained in a queue. a. Discuss by giving reasons on which of the following data structures is most suitable for implementing such appointment queue, when considering that there is no limit on how many patients a doctor can see in any given day. *One dimensional array Linked list b. Write and execute a java program to create an object of class appointment queue, and perform operations such as insert, remove, and display. Give your reflection on each of these operationConsider the following C++ code: int* length = new int; int* height = new int; *height = 12; *length = *height; Length = Height; delete height; Provide detailed explanations of the effect of each statement. After this code has completed, there is an inaccessible object on the heap and a dangling pointer. What is the inaccessible object and how did it become inaccessible? What is the dangling pointer in this example? Briefly explain the danger associated with dangling pointers?
- Consider Java classes C1, C2, and C. C1 is a subclass of C, while C is a subclass of C2. Consider a Java expression c.x( )+c.y( ); where a reference variable c is of type class C. For each symbol of the statement, list all the various bindings that are required to determine the semantics of the statement when it is to be executed. For each binding, indicate the binding time.Exercise 6 Suppose that AYBU is a new programming language that is similar to C, except that AYBU uses dynamic scoping. Consider the program below. What is the output of the program when it is: /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// int i=25; void A(void) { printf("A1: %d \n",i); i--; printf("A2: %d \n",i); } void C(){ static int i = 99; i--; printf("C1: %d\n",i); } void B(int i) { printf("B1: %d\n",i); i-=10; A(); printf("B2: %d\n",i); C(); printf("B3: %d\n",i); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { int i=100; printf("M1: %d\n",i); B(i); printf("M2: %d\n",i); A(); printf("M3: %d\n",i); C(); return 0; } (a) Compiled with a normal C compiler? M1: B1: A1: A2: B2: C1: B3: M2: A1: A2: M3: C1: (b) Compiled with the new AYBU compiler? M1: B1: A1: A2: B2: C1: B3: M2: A1: A2: M3: C1:Show a skeleton/template in C++ of how to protect a library's interface file from being included multiple times. (Your answer should work for all cases -- not just simple ones.)
- Why must the symbol/name used in C++'s inclusion guard on a library interface file be unique? (Hint: A good technique to use here is proof by contradiction -- assume that the symbol needn't be unique and show what happens when two libraries to be #include'd in the same program share the same symbol.)Make a case for the use of deep access over shallow access from the viewpoint of a programmer; attempt to stay away from a performance-focused argument.In JAVA complete the reference-based implementation of the ADT List including a main method and verify methods such as a constructor, "create()", "add()", "get()", "remove()", "isEmpty()", "size()", "removeAll()" and exception handling by implementing a test program. Show that the ADT List works.