helpppp pleaseeee STUDYING 6Statistical exercise: Corals and TemperatureScience often involves gathering data. The data may becounts or measurements or lists of species or may take manyother forms; however, it is very common that biological datacan be represented numerically. Raw data are often too repeti-tive and boring to be appreciated directly. They need to be sta-tistically summarized. The most ordinary way to get startedon summarizing data is to enter them in a spreadsheet, suchas Excel. Excel also allows one to graph data and do simpleanalyses. Today and in future labs, you will use Excel in thesestatistical exercise sections; today we will focus on how to cre-ate and use a spreadsheet.We will start with data gathered by Hollie Putnam, a stu-dent interested in understanding how water temperature af-fected the growth of coral. To determine this, Hollie took cor-als from their native habitat, where the average water tempera-ture was 28 °C, and grew them in a lab. She measured coralgrowth in four temperature regimes: 26 °C, 28 °C, 30 °C, anda regime that fluctuated daily between a low of 26 °C and ahigh of 30 °C. She weighed the corals at the beginning of theexperiment and at the end. Growth is to be calculated as thefinal weight minus the initial weight.• Open a new Excel spreadsheet, and try to make it look likethe one to the right with the first number in cell A2. Al-though it is not necessary, you may want to make the head-ings in row 1 wrap inside the cells; to do this, select row 1 byclicking on the 1 in the gray margin, right click to format, goto alignment and click on the box in front of "wrap text."• Type in all the numbers from the data to the right. Whendone, carefully proofread them to be sure you have enteredthe data correctly.•In row 2, column D, type the formula =C2-B2 and press re-turn. This will give you the difference, in other words, theamount of growth. Now, copy that cell down to D42. If youhave done it right, the formula will change in each cell so asto maintain the same relative position. In D24, you will have=C24-B24, which comes to 15.• To calculate the mean for the 26 °C temperature regime,type =AVERAGE(D2:D12) into cell E2 then press return.The mean is the sum of all the growth amounts divided bythe number of replicate coral fragments. Now calculate theaverages for the other three treatments by using the samefunction in cells E13, E23, and E32 for the other treatment 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243ATreatmentInitial(°C) (mg/cm2)26262626262626262626262828282828282828282830303030303030303026-3026-3026-3026-3026-3026-3026-3026-3026-3026-3026-30552341461430312364468449398394360517428407441472383466345382494573354532393269517469306431306372333567379490391509369337365Final(mg/cm2)563352467437320374479460415401369528443415452488391479354393503585369545410277526484322446312378344578392505401523377351373DChange(mg/cm2)11.000groups. Be sure the cell range in your equations is correct.• Calculate the standard deviations, samples sizes, and stan-dard errors. Make a graph. Taking into account the standarderrors, think about what aspects of the results are believable.1. What was the mean ± SE (n) coral growth at:26 °C28 °C30 °C26-30 °C fluctuating daily2. Remember that the average water temperature of their natu-ral habitat was 28 °C. What would happen if climate changewere to cause the average water temperature to increase to 30°C?If you made a mistake, double check your data entry and thecell range in your equations. Data are often very expensive togather, so you need to get in the habit of proofreading yourdata to avoid typos.

Question

helpppp pleaseeee STUDYING 6Statistical exercise: Corals and TemperatureScience often involves gathering data. The data may becounts or measurements or lists of species or may take manyother forms; however, it is very common that biological datacan be represented numerically. Raw data are often too repeti-tive and boring to be appreciated directly. They need to be sta-tistically summarized. The most ordinary way to get startedon summarizing data is to enter them in a spreadsheet, suchas Excel. Excel also allows one to graph data and do simpleanalyses. Today and in future labs, you will use Excel in thesestatistical exercise sections; today we will focus on how to cre-ate and use a spreadsheet.We will start with data gathered by Hollie Putnam, a stu-dent interested in understanding how water temperature af-fected the growth of coral. To determine this, Hollie took cor-als from their native habitat, where the average water tempera-ture was 28 °C, and grew them in a lab. She measured coralgrowth in four temperature regimes: 26 °C, 28 °C, 30 °C, anda regime that fluctuated daily between a low of 26 °C and ahigh of 30 °C. She weighed the corals at the beginning of theexperiment and at the end. Growth is to be calculated as thefinal weight minus the initial weight.• Open a new Excel spreadsheet, and try to make it look likethe one to the right with the first number in cell A2. Al-though it is not necessary, you may want to make the head-ings in row 1 wrap inside the cells; to do this, select row 1 byclicking on the 1 in the gray margin, right click to format, goto alignment and click on the box in front of &#34;wrap text.&#34;• Type in all the numbers from the data to the right. Whendone, carefully proofread them to be sure you have enteredthe data correctly.•In row 2, column D, type the formula =C2-B2 and press re-turn. This will give you the difference, in other words, theamount of growth. Now, copy that cell down to D42. If youhave done it right, the formula will change in each cell so asto maintain the same relative position. In D24, you will have=C24-B24, which comes to 15.• To calculate the mean for the 26 °C temperature regime,type =AVERAGE(D2:D12) into cell E2 then press return.The mean is the sum of all the growth amounts divided bythe number of replicate coral fragments. Now calculate theaverages for the other three treatments by using the samefunction in cells E13, E23, and E32 for the other treatment 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243ATreatmentInitial(°C) (mg/cm2)26262626262626262626262828282828282828282830303030303030303026-3026-3026-3026-3026-3026-3026-3026-3026-3026-3026-30552341461430312364468449398394360517428407441472383466345382494573354532393269517469306431306372333567379490391509369337365Final(mg/cm2)563352467437320374479460415401369528443415452488391479354393503585369545410277526484322446312378344578392505401523377351373DChange(mg/cm2)11.000groups. Be sure the cell range in your equations is correct.• Calculate the standard deviations, samples sizes, and stan-dard errors. Make a graph. Taking into account the standarderrors, think about what aspects of the results are believable.1. What was the mean ± SE (n) coral growth at:26 °C28 °C30 °C26-30 °C fluctuating daily2. Remember that the average water temperature of their natu-ral habitat was 28 °C. What would happen if climate changewere to cause the average water temperature to increase to 30°C?If you made a mistake, double check your data entry and thecell range in your equations. Data are often very expensive togather, so you need to get in the habit of proofreading yourdata to avoid typos.

Accepted Answer

Note:
As per guidelines we will solve the first question only, please repost other questions for…