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- Please explain how the more genes that contribute to a particular trait, the less discrete the categories become, and the more continuous it is, the distribution appears in a quantitative trait. Be sure that you include the following topics in your description: phenotypic categories, genotype, dominant and recessive, segregations of alleles, additive alleles.The heritability for egg weight in a group of chickens on a farm inMaine is 0.95. Are the following statements regarding this heritabilitytrue or false? If a statement is false, explain why.A. The environment in Maine has very little effect on the outcomeof this trait.B. Nearly all of the phenotypic variance for this trait in this groupof chickens is due to genetic variance.C. The trait is polygenic and likely to involve a large number ofgenes.D. Based on the observation of the heritability in the Mainechickens, it is reasonable to conclude that the heritability foregg weight in a group of chickens on a farm in Montana isalso very high.Mid-Digital Hair and FrecklesFinger mid-digital hair (M) is dominant over the recessive trait of no mid-digital hair (m). Freckles (F) is dominant over the recessive trait of no freckles (f). (It is important to note that this example of mid-digital hair and freckles cannot be explained with simple genetics, but for the purpose of this question, assume that it can.)A woman that is heterozygous for freckles and has no mid-digital hair is married to a man with no freckles that is heterozygous for mid-digital hair. The couple is expecting a child. Draw a Punnett square of this cross then answer the following questions: What is the probability that their offspring will have mid-digital hair? What is the probability that two offspring in a row will have no freckles? What is the probability of two offspring in a row having mid-digital hair and freckles?
- The Eastwoods are going to have a child. She has chestnut hair (MBdMBk), and he has dark brown hair. Find their child's possible hair colors and the probabilities of each. (Enter exact numbers as integers, fractions, or decimals.) blond strawberry blond bright red light brown reddish brown dark red medium brown chestnut auburn dark brown shiny dark brown glossy dark brown black shiny black glossy blackA geneticist studies a series of characteristics in pairs of monozygotic and dizygotic twins, obtaining the concordances listed below. For each characteristic, indicate whether these concordances suggest genetic influences, environmental influences, or both. Explain your reasoning. Concordance (%) Characteristic Monozygotic Dizygotic Migraine headaches 60 30 Eye color 100 40 Measles 90 90 Club foot 30 10 High blood pressure 70 40 Handedness 70 70 Tuberculosis 5 5Sex-Influenced and Sex-Limited Traits What method of sex testing did the International Olympic Committee previously use? What method did it use subsequently? Does either of these methods conclusively test for femaleness? Explain.
- Monozygotic (MZ) twins have a concordance value of 44% for a specific trait, whereas dizygotic twins have a concordance value of less than 5% for the same trait. What could explain why the value for MZ twins is significantly less than 100%?Heritability of a biological trait is best defined as which of the following? a. The proportion of variation in a trait that is specifically due to genes. b. The proportion of variation in a trait that is due to the environment and genes c. The proportion of variation in a trait that is only due to dominant additive genetic variance. d. The proportion of variation in a trait due to developmental effects.What will thr possible offspring from a dad who is heterozygous for freckles and a mom who is homozygous recessive for the freckles trait? Having freckles is the dominant trait while no freckles is recessive. Include Punnett square, genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
- Cystic fibrosis is a homozygous recessive condition that affects 1 in 10,000 of the Hispanic populationin the United States. Calculate the frequency of the dominant allele, the frequency of the recessiveallele, and the percentage of heterozygous individuals (carriers) in the Hispanic population.Frequency of thedominant alleleFrequency of therecessive allele% homozygous dominant% homozygous recessive% heterozygousA genetics researcher determines that the broad-sense heritability of height among Southwestern University undergraduate students is 0.90. Which of the following conclusions would be reasonable? Explain your answer. a. Sally is a Southwestern University undergraduate student, so 10% of her height is determined by nongenetic factors. b. Ninety percent of variation in height among all undergraduate students in the United States is due to genetic differences. c. Ninety percent of the height of Southwestern University undergraduate students is determined by genes. d. Ten percent of the variation in height among Southwestern University undergraduate students is determined by variation in nongenetic factors. e. Because the heritability of height among Southwestern University students is so high, any change in the students’ environment will have minimal effect on their height.Sixteen percent (16%) of the population is homozygous recessive for a trait. What are the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles of that trait?