(1) Parts of a Neuron A Axon (initial B segment) G H Synapse: The region where an axon terminal communicates C D with its postsynaptic target cell E F Output signal 02019 Pearson Education, inc Use the list below to identify E in the figure. postsynaptic neuron, integration, cell body, axon, action potential, presynaptic axon terminal, myelin sheath, synaptic vesicle, dendrites, input signal, Node of Ranvier, postsynaptic dendrite, nucleus, integration, axon hillock, voltage gated channel - Synaptic cleft J

(1) Parts of a Neuron A Axon (initial B segment) G H Synapse: The region where an axon terminal communicates C D with its postsynaptic target cell E F Output signal 02019 Pearson Education, inc Use the list below to identify E in the figure. postsynaptic neuron, integration, cell body, axon, action potential, presynaptic axon terminal, myelin sheath, synaptic vesicle, dendrites, input signal, Node of Ranvier, postsynaptic dendrite, nucleus, integration, axon hillock, voltage gated channel - Synaptic cleft J

Anatomy & Physiology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168130

Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Publisher:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Chapter12: The Nervous System And Nervous Tissue

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6ILQ: Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurolab) to see a virtual neurophysiology lab, and to...

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View the University of Michigan Webscope (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/nervefiber) to see an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a myelinated nerve fiber. The axon contains microtubules and neurofilaments, bounded by a plasma membrane known as the axolemma. Outside the plasma membrane of the axon is the myelin sheath, which is composed of the tightly wrapped plasma membrane of a Schwann cell. What aspects of the cells in this image react with the stain that makes them the deep, dark, black color, such as the multiple layers that are the myelin sheath?
. Discuss the function of the myelin sheath and describeits formation in the CNS and PNS.
Ordinarily, a neuron’s trigger zone is activated before any other part ofan axon, so a wave of action potentials occurs as sodium channelsopen in the direction of the synaptic terminal. What would happen ifyou artificially stimulated an axon to reach threshold potential midwayalong its length rather than at the trigger zone?a. Action potentials would occur in the direction of the synapticterminal.b. No action potentials would occur.c. Action potentials would occur in the direction of the trigger zone.d. Both a and c are correct.
A loss-of-function mutation in the ion channel responsible for thegeneration of end-plate potentials results in a diminished permeabilityof the ion channel. 1) How would you experimentally test the effect of the mutation on thefunctional properties of the cell (synapse)? You should discuss the typesof postsynaptic responses and physiological parameters you couldmeasure.
Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurolab)to see a virtual neurophysiology lab, and to observeelectrophysiological processes in the nervous system,where scientists directly measure the electrical signalsproduced by neurons. Often, the action potentials occur sorapidly that watching a screen to see them occur is nothelpful. A speaker is powered by the signals recorded froma neuron and it “pops” each time the neuron fires an actionpotential. These action potentials are firing so fast that itsounds like static on the radio. Electrophysiologists canrecognize the patterns within that static to understand whatis happening. Why is the leech model used for measuringthe electrical activity of neurons instead of using humans?
According to the function ofthe transmitted neuralimpulse which are the types ofneurons? How different arethe concepts of afference andefference of the neuralimpulse transmission?
Suppose you stimulate an axon so that you generate an actionpotential at both ends at the same instant. Describe thepropagation of these action potentials. What happens when theymeet?
Contrast the somatic nervous system with the ANS foreach of the following:a. number of neurons between the CNS and the effectororganb. location of neuron cell bodiesc. structures each innervatesd. inhibitory or excitatory effectse. conscious or unconscious controlf. neurotransmitter(s) used
Regeneration of a severed axon has a better chance forsuccess in the PNS than in the CNS. Why is regeneration inthe CNS less likely to succeed?
A change in the voltage across a neuron’s plasma membranethat makes the neuron less likely to fire an action potential isa. a change that makes the resting potential less negative.b. an excitatory postsynaptic potential.c. an inhibitory postsynaptic potential.d. a change that lowers the threshold.
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurotrans) to learn about the release of a neurotransmitter. The action potential reaches the end of the axon, called the axon terminal, and a chemical signal is released to tell the target cell to do something, either initiate a new action potential, or to suppress that activity. In a very short space, the electrical signal of the action potential is changed into the chemical signal of a neurotransmitter, and then back to electrical changes in the target cell membrane. What is the importance of voltage-gated calcium channels in the release of neurotransmitters?
The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus is the cell body dendrite axon glial