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- Population Genetics In the study of population genetics, an important measure of inbreeding is the proportion of homozygous genotypesthat is, instances in which the two alleles carried at a particular site on an individuals chromosomes are both the same. For population in which blood-related individual mate, them is a higher than expected frequency of homozygous individuals. Examples of such populations include endangered or rare species, selectively bred breeds, and isolated populations. in general. the frequency of homozygous children from mating of blood-related parents is greater than that for children from unrelated parents Measured over a large number of generations, the proportion of heterozygous genotypesthat is, nonhomozygous genotypeschanges by a constant factor 1 from generation to generation. The factor 1 is a number between 0 and 1. If 1=0.75, for example then the proportion of heterozygous individuals in the population decreases by 25 in each generation In this case, after 10 generations, the proportion of heterozygous individuals in the population decreases by 94.37, since 0.7510=0.0563, or 5.63. In other words, 94.37 of the population is homozygous. For specific types of matings, the proportion of heterozygous genotypes can be related to that of previous generations and is found from an equation. For mating between siblings 1 can be determined as the largest value of for which 2=12+14. This equation comes from carefully accounting for the genotypes for the present generation the 2 term in terms of those previous two generations represented by for the parents generation and by the constant term of the grandparents generation. a Find both solutions to the quadratic equation above and identify which is 1 use a horizontal span of 1 to 1 in this exercise and the following exercise. b After 5 generations, what proportion of the population will be homozygous? c After 20 generations, what proportion of the population will be homozygous?Benford's Law states that the first nonzero digits of numbers drawn at random from a large complex data file have the following probability distribution.† First Nonzero Digit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Probability 0.301 0.176 0.125 0.097 0.079 0.067 0.058 0.051 0.046 Suppose that n = 275 numerical entries were drawn at random from a large accounting file of a major corporation. The first nonzero digits were recorded for the sample. First Nonzero Digit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sample Frequency 75 48 37 26 25 18 13 17 16 Use a 1% level of significance to test the claim that the distribution of first nonzero digits in this accounting file follows Benford's Law. (b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round the expected frequencies to at least three decimal places. Round the test statistic to three decimal places.) What are the degrees of freedom?Benford's Law states that the first nonzero digits of numbers drawn at random from a large complex data file have the following probability distribution.† First Nonzero Digit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Probability 0.301 0.176 0.125 0.097 0.079 0.067 0.058 0.051 0.046 Suppose that n = 275 numerical entries were drawn at random from a large accounting file of a major corporation. The first nonzero digits were recorded for the sample. First Nonzero Digit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sample Frequency 88 46 30 25 22 18 13 17 16 State the null and alternate hypotheses. H0: The distributions are different.H1: The distributions are the same.H0: The distributions are the same.H1: The distributions are the same. H0: The distributions are the same.H1: The distributions are different.H0: The distributions are different.H1: The distributions are different. (b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round the expected frequencies to at least three decimal places. Round the…