118Indirect SamplingIf populations are small and easily recognized they may bemonitored directly quite easily. However, direct measurement ofelusive, easily disturbed, or widely dispersed populations is notalways feasible. In these cases, indirect methods can be usedto assess population abundance, provide information on habitatuse and range, and enable biologists to link habitat quality tospecies presence or absence. Indirect sampling methods provideless reliable measures of abundance than direct samplingINFORMATION NEEDED FOR THE FROGCENSUSWhen youcallingtgs you recorted ( post you made the recordings andTohearersObserversNameContact AddresPeet CindeTelephone Home,Wwork/MobileDe You Want to be the next year? OndeLocation Description (Ty to provide ough data to enten to find ofADate of Observation jagatTime Range of Observation(30-8.40 pm)Na prRecording a date and accuratemap reference is importantPopulation estimates are based onthe number of frog calls recordedby the observerSUFElectronicsBATBOX IHABITAT ASSESSMENTbat Type dereservoirCommentsTo sample nocturnal, highly mobile species, e.g.bats, electronic devices, such as the bat detectorabove, can be used to estimate populationdensity. In this case, the detector is tuned to theparticular frequency of the hunting clicks emittedby specific bat species. The number of callsrecorded per unit time can be used to estimatenumbers per area.Pse e para torch WATER QUALITY and WEATHERsation the main OLDCRCLE to indicate the motion of the shey can dire more than one choice)1944 1906 1900 107conditionGrid Reference of Location and Type of Map Used:on Street Directory ReferencePage Numben,Flowing only Foung QuydePulved Fry ClyPYear and SonNearestWar AppearanMayWeather Conditions 1. WindyClearpond dawandmethods, such as mark and recapture, but are widely usedusing these to assess population abundance. In Australia, thenevertheless. They rely on recording the signs of a species, e.g.scat, calls, tracks, and rubbings or markings on vegetation, andEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides a Frog CensusDatasheet (below) on which volunteers record details about frogpopulations and habitat quality in their area. This programmeenables the EPA to gather information across Australia.e65pwww3you How you are antage vi via postaja baa jogurPOD 0 Mr Peter Goonan Environment Protection APEPLY PAIDADELAIDE SA 8001. Weknow the mats of your dings1. We will identify your frog calls and yofingOffice use only. Please leave blank.EROG SPECIES PRESENT.especies 2 Arnierenden MomWewOver/Race Rains/Dry indicate for 1 AND 2FROGS HEARD CALLINGPlease indicate your animale of how many frogs you heard callingNOTE & is very important to sell unif you heard frogMumber of Cats HardMore One For (2) Mary (10-50 Layou want to test your frag knowledge wite the species you heard callingof Fragts idenCommentsSERGEMERCEDA SAGLATENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AGENCYENVIRONMENT HERITAGE AND ABORIGINAL AFFAIRSThe analysis of animal tracks allows wildlifebiologists to identify habitats in which animals liveand to conduct population surveys. Interpretingtracks accurately requires considerable skillas tracks may vary in appearance even whenfrom the same individual. Tracks are particularlyuseful as a way to determine habitat use andpreference.mWambar scatAll animals leave scats (feces) which are speciesspecific and readily identifiable. Scats can bea valuable tool by which to gather data fromelusive, nocturnal, easily disturbed, or highlymobile species. Fecal analyses can provideinformation on diet, movements, populationdensity, sex ratios, age structure, and evengenetic diversity.1. (a) Describe the kind of information that could be gathered from the Frog Census Datasheet:(b) Identify the benefits of linking a measure of abundance to habitat assessment:S2. Describe one other indirect method of population sampling and outline its advantages and drawbacks:

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1. (a) Describe the kind of information that could be gathered from the Frog Census Datasheet: (b) Identify the benefits of linking a measure of abundance to habitat assessment: