please help with questions 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10 21Chapter 2Measuring Length and TimeThe unit ofetandard unitасе оссиріed-. In symbolsas the unitcentimetermeters in a(LEE tur)The liter isGraduatedcylinderthat coincides with the surface of the liquid. Graduated cylindersused in science laboratories are generally marked off in milliliters.A milliliter (mL) is one thousandth of a liter and equal to one cubicr100E 90E 80r10090so 82 mLcentimeter.A graduated cylinder may also be used to measure the volumeof a solid of irregular shape, such as a piece of coal. The methodis as follows.Fill the graduated cylinder about half full of water and note thereading. Let us say it is S0 milliliters. Now lower the piece of coalinto the cylinder until it is completely under water. The water levelwill rise because the space occupied by both water and coal isgreater than that occupied by the water alone. Note the new waterlevel. Suppose it is 82 milliliters. The volume of the coal is thedifference between the combined volume of the water and the coal(82 mL) and the volume of the water by itself (50 mL). Hence,subtracting, we have 82-50 = 32 milliliters, or 32 cubic centi-meters, for the volume of the coal.This method of measuring volume by displacement is limited tosolids that are not porous and that do not dissolve in water.7070606050se40F 3050 ml40- Coal302020block, aaler and10Fig. 2-9. Measuring the volume ofan irregular solid by measuringthe volume of water it displaces.r blockof theQuestionsGroup 11. Cloth tape measures are used commercially tomake coarse measurements of length. Why aresuch tape measures unsuitable for precise meas-ber of complete turns made by one of the wheelsand multiplying it by the circumference of thewheel. If the odometer reads the distance trav-eled accurately when the car's tires are new,why will the reading not be accurate when thetires become worn?urement?2. In using the platinum bar at Sèvres, France, asthe standard meter, why is it necessary to specifythat the temperature must be 0°C?3. (a) How can the volume of a rectangular roombe measured? (b) How can the volume of a door8. A small porous solid is in the shape of a cube.Its volume is determined in two ways. First, it iscomputed from a measurement of the cube'sedge. Then it is obtained by indirect measure-ment using a graduated cylinder partly filledwith water. (a) Why might there be a consider-able difference between the two values of thevolume thus obtained? (b) What does this dif-ference represent?9. The sides of two squares are in the ratio of 2 to1. (a) What is the ratio of their areas? (b) If thecorresponding dimensions of any two similarplane figures are in the ratio of 2 to 1, explainwhy their areas will be in the same ratio as thatof the two squares.10. (a) If the length of each edge of a cube is dou-bled, what happens to the volume? (b) An en-larged model of a small solid statue is made bydoubling each dimension of the original. Howdoes the volume of the enlarged model comparewith that of the original?key be measured?4. (a) Explain how a ruler is used to measure theinside volume of an open cylindrical can. (b)How can the same volume be measured with agraduated cylinder?5. How can the volume of a basketball be deter-mined?Group 26. (a) How will the change-over by the UnitedStates from the English to the metric system ofmeasurement be an advantage in internationaltrade? (b) Describe two difficulties that mightarise in an industry, such as car manufacturing,in changing from English to metric units.7. The odometer (oh DAHM i tur) measures thedistance traveled by a car by counting the num-

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1. Cloth tape measures are used commercially to make coarse measurements of length. Why are such tape measures unsuitable for precise meas- urement?