1. In the stratosphere, nitrogen dioxide radical (·NO2) is produced and consumed by the Following reactions: kı ·NO + O3 -> ·NO2 + O2 k2 ·NO2 + O -> ·NO + O2 Based on the rate laws for these reactions, write an equation for the steady-state concentration of ·NO2 in the stratosphere.
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A: The rate determining step will be the slowest step.
Q: (d) High-flying aircraft release NO into the stratosphere, which catalyzes this process. When O3 and…
A: The reaction of O3 with NO is given by: O3 + NO → NO2 + O2 The concentration of…
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A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we are entitled to answer the first only.
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Q: In the lower troposphere, ozone is one of the components of photochemical smog. It is generated in…
A: NO2 (g) →k1 NO (g) + O (g) O (g) + O2 (g) →k2 O3 (g) k1 = 6.0 * 10-3 s-1 k2 = 1.0 * 106…
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A: The rate of a reaction is expressed as :
Q: Suppose the decomposition of ozone proceeds by the following mechanism: step elementary reaction…
A:
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A: The given reaction is- 2NO (g) + O2 (g)→2NO2 (g) and its mechanism is- Step 1-NO + NO⇔k-1k1N2O2Step…
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A: The equation rate for the reaction may be described in the rate of reactants species appearance as…
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Q: (f) In the decomposition of N2O5 to NO2 and oxygen N2O5 2 NO2 + 1/2O2 1 the rate of disappearance of…
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Q: The following mechanism has been proposed: N2Os → NO2 + NO: ki NO2 + NO, N2O5 k.1 NO + NO, - 2NO, k2…
A: Rate of consumption of N2O5 is- r = ( k-1[NO2] + k2[NO] ) [NO3]
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Q: The following mechanism has been proposed for the conversion of ozone to oxygen in the gas phase.…
A: The mechanism of the reaction is: O3⇌O2+O (fast) ......(1)O3+O→2O2 (slow) ......(2)
Q: For the gas phase decomposition of hydrogen iodide at 700 K 2 HI H2 + I2 the average rate of…
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Q: During a smog event, trace amounts of many highly reactive substances are present in the atmosphere.…
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A: The steady-state approximation is defined as the method to determine the rate law. This method is…
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Q: The lifetime of the VOC called glyoxal in the atmosphere is controlled by its reaction with the OH…
A: Given: kOH= 3.7×10-8 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 kphot=1.2 min-1 [OH]= 1.6×106 molecule cm-3 To find: The…
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- A proposed mechanism for ozone destruction in the late spring overnorthern latitudes in the lower stratosphere begins with the photochemicaldecomposition of ClONO2 to Cl and NO3, followed by photochemicaldecomposition of the latter to NO and O2. Deduce a catalytic ozonedestruction cycle, requiring no atomic oxygen, which incorporates thesereactions. What is the overall reaction?One of the many remarkable enzymes in the human bodyis carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes the interconversionof carbon dioxide and water with bicarbonate ionand protons. If it were not for this enzyme, the body couldnot rid itself rapidly enough of the CO2 accumulated bycell metabolism. The enzyme catalyzes the dehydration(release to air) of up to 107 CO2 molecules per second.Which components of this description correspond to theterms enzyme, substrate, and turnover number?(a) A commercial 737 jet transporting 143 passengers and 5 crew members from Kansas City (MCI) to Baltimore (BWI) burned 11,800 lb (about 1700 gallons) of Jet A fuel en route. Jet A fuel is kerosine based, consisting primarily of CnH2n+2 hydrocarbons, with n =6 to 16, so the carbon:hydrogen ratio is close to 1:2. During this flight, how much CO2 was released into the atmosphere? Assume the combustion of the fuel was complete, so all the fuel was burned to form CO2 and H2O. Give both the mass of CO2 produced (in kg and in lbs) and the volume it would occupy at 298 K, 1 atm.(b) How much CO2 would be released into the atmosphere if those passengers and crew made the trip instead, in pairs, in hybrid cars at 40 miles per gallon. Assume the density of the gasoline is 0.75 kg L-1 and that carbon and hydrogen dominate the composition in a ratio of 1:2. The road trip is 1082 miles.
- The coal whose composition is given in the table below is burntwith 100% excess air. Calculate (a) the theoretical oxygenrequirement per 100 kg of coal (b) the theoretical air requirementper 100 kg of coal (c) the Orsat analysis of the gases when thecoal is burnt with 100% excess air. Component Weight % C 70.32 H2 3.91 S 0.52 O2 25.25UCI Chemistry researchers, Prof. F. Sherwood Rowland and Dr. Mario Molina werefirst to discovered in 1973 that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were depleting the Earth’sozone layer when released into the atmosphere. Once they reach the stratosphere, Clis released from the CFCs molecules by interaction with UV light. Free Cl atoms areable to react with ozone in a catalytic cycle that converts O3into the more stable O2.It is estimated that a single Cl atom is able to react with∼100000 O3molecules.Although CFCs production was banned in 1996, there are still a substantial numberof motor vehicle air conditioners (MVACs) that use CFC-12 (CF2Cl2) as refrigerant.The average CFC-12 emission rate from operating MVACs has been estimated tobe 59.5 mg per hour per vehicle (Zhang et al.Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.2017).How much chlorine, in kg, is added to the atmosphere in a year due to 100 millionMVACs using CFC-12 as refrigerant?Prof. Neiman and Prof. James were first to discovered in 1973 that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were depleting the Earth’sozone layer when released into the atmosphere. Once they reach the stratosphere, Clis released from the CFCs molecules by interaction with UV light. Free Cl atoms areable to react with ozone in a catalytic cycle that converts O3into the more stable O2.It is estimated that a single Cl atom is able to react with∼100000 O3molecules.Although CFCs production was banned in 1996, there are still a substantial numberof motor vehicle air conditioners (MVACs) that use CFC-12 (CF2Cl2) as refrigerant.The average CFC-12 emission rate from operating MVACs has been estimated tobe 59.5 mg per hour per vehicle (Zhang et al.Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.2017).How much chlorine, in kg, is added to the atmosphere in a year due to 100 millionMVACs using CFC-12 as refrigerant?
- The degradation of CF3CH2F (an HFC) by OH radicals in the troposphere is first order in each reactant and has a rate constant of k = 1.6 * 108 M-1s-1 at 4 °C. If the tropospheric concentrations of OH and CF3CH2F are 8.1 * 105 and 6.3 * 108 molecules>cm3, respectively, what is the rate of reaction at this temperature in M>s?hello, i sent this question before but the answer you rpovided for both wasnt right and i couldnt undertstand how you got the answer. can you please show me a handwritten solution for better understanding. 1a) The decomposition of ethanol at some constant temperature (above 500°C), over a copper surface, C2H5OH(g) CH3CHO(g) + H2(g) was studied by monitoring the total pressure with time.The following data were obtained: t (s) Ptotal (torr) 0 120 45 131 139 154 233 177 376 212 380 213 What will be the total pressure at t = 462 s? 1b) What is the rate constant (k)?(Include appropriate units.)The atomic hydrogen exists in space at an estimated concentration of one particle per cubic meter. If the collision diameter is 2.5 ×10^(–10) meter and the temperature is 2.7 Kelvin, how many kilometers away will the next potential collision be?
- Sua is producing margarine from natural oils such as coconut oil by hydrogenation according to the following equation C57H104O6 + 3H2 ---->C57H110O6 at 200°c and 7atm. If an industrial hydrogenator with a volume of 500 litre is charged with 24 kilograms of oil and the reaction goes to completion, how many kilograms of margarine will be produced under these conditions?Freon-12 (CF₂Cl₂), widely used as a refrigerant and aerosolpropellant, is a dangerous air pollutant. In the troposphere, ittraps heat 25 times as effectively as CO₂, and in the stratosphere,it participates in the breakdown of ozone. Freon-12 is preparedindustrially by reaction of gaseous carbon tetrachloride with hy-drogen fluoride. Hydrogen chloride gas also forms. How manygrams of carbon tetrachloride are required for the production of16.0 dm₃ of Freon-12 at 27°C and 1.20 atm?The thermal decomposition of potassium chlorate can be used to produce oxygen. 2KClO3 --> 2KCl +3O2 What volume of O2 gas at 298 K and 1.0 atm pressure is produced by the decomposition of 7.50 g of KClO3 (FW=122.6)?