1. It is possible to estimate the average treatment effect of a policy or program using a difference-in-differences design using just two periods of panel data. True False
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1. It is possible to estimate the average treatment effect of a policy or program using a difference-in-differences design using just two periods of panel data.
True
False
2. It is possible to test the assumptions underlying a difference-in-differences design using just two periods of panel data.
True
False
3. In a randomised control trial, at baseline we randomly assign a group of people to either treatment or control conditions and then follow up to measure outcomes at endline. Attrition occurs when we are unable to find individuals at endline who were present at baseline. Attrition is an example of incidental truncation.
True
False
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- 6. Referring to Scenario 13-11, what is the critical value for testing whether there is a linear relationship between revenue and the number of downloads at a 5% level of significance?In a statistical paradigm where variables exhibit multivariate dependencies, envision a society where individuals' traits follow a correlated pattern. If the covariance structure between attributes such as intelligence, creativity, and empathy is intricate, how does this influence the statistical modeling of societal trends? Examine the theoretical ramifications on constructing predictive models, identifying causal relationships, and understanding the interplay between various factors within this statistically intricate society. How might these dependencies challenge traditional statistical methodologies and necessitate innovative approaches for meaningful analysis?Studies originating in France about 15 years ago claimed that moderate red wine drinking (1-2 glasses per day) lowered rates of heart disease. a). What would be an ideal way to test this theory? What data would you collect, on how many people and from where?b). If you were forced to use observational data from some big data sets, what would your dependent (Y) and independent (X) variables be?c). Can you imagine any sampling or measurement problems inherent to your study? How might they hinder your analysis?d). Could red wine be a confounding variable for something else, explain?e). Let’s suppose that you found with more than 99% confidence that red wine reduced heart disease in France and the effect was substantial. Explain how the concepts of external validity and extrapolationmight or might not be concerns in applying the results to different groups in the United States?
- A report states that the cost of repairing a hybrid vehicle is falling even while typical repairs on conventional vehicles are getting more expensive. The most common hybrid repair, replacing the hybrid inverter assembly, had a mean repair cost of $3,927 in 2012. Industry experts suspect that the cost will continue to decrease given the increase in the number of technicians who have gained expertise in fixing gas-electric engines in recent months. Suppose a sample of 100 hybrid inverter assembly repairs completed in the last month was selected. The sample means repair cost was $3,750 with the sample standard deviation of $600. Find the test statistic for this hypothesis test. tStat=____ Is there sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis using α=0.05? A. Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is insufficient evidence at the 0.05 level of significance that the population mean cost is greater than $3,927. B. Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is…A report states that the cost of repairing a hybrid vehicle is falling even while typical repairs on conventional vehicles are getting more expensive. The most common hybrid repair, replacing the hybrid inverter assembly, had a mean repair cost of $3,927 in 2012. Industry experts suspect that the cost will continue to decrease given the increase in the number of technicians who have gained expertise on fixing gas-electric engines in recent months. Suppose a sample of 100 hybrid inverter assembly repairs completed in the last month was selected. The sample mean repair cost was $3,750 with the sample standard deviation of $600. Determine the p-value and interpret its meaning.A report states that the cost of repairing a hybrid vehicle is falling even while typical repairs on conventional vehicles are getting more expensive. The most common hybrid repair, replacing the hybrid inverter assembly, had a mean repair cost of $3,927 in 2012. Industry experts suspect that the cost will continue to decrease given the increase in the number of technicians who have gained expertise on fixing gas-electric engines in recent months. Suppose a sample of 100 hybrid inverter assembly repairs completed in the last month was selected. The sample mean repair cost was $3,750 with the sample standard deviation of $600. Is there sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis using α=0.10? Choose one of the following. -Reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence at the 0.10 level of significance that the population mean cost is less than $3,927. - Do not reject the null hypothesis. There is insufficient evidence at the 0.10 level of significance that the…
- In an ANOVA problem involving six treatments and 14 observations per treatment, SSE = 234. The MSE for this scenario is _______.What quantitative research design should be used in "Relationship between Academic Stressors and Learning Preferences ofSenior High School Students" and why?The Random Effects estimator a) Requires that the idiosyncratic errors are serially correlated b) Assumes the unobserved effect is correlated with each explanatory variable c) Can be used when some of the explanatory variables are constant over time d) Is more convincing than fixed effects for policy analysis using aggregate data
- If the mean and variance are computed for each sample in an independent-measures two-factor experiment, then which types of sample data will tend to produce large F-ratios for the two-factor ANOVA? a. large differences between sample means and small sample variances b. large differences between sample means and large sample variances c. small differences between sample means and small sample variances d. small differences between sample means and large sample variancesConsider a scenario where two vaccines have been developed and their effectiveness was tested by comparing the mean outcome for a vaccinated group to the mean for a control (placebo) group. Both of the vaccine studies set the significance (α) level for the test at .05, two-tailed, and both found statistically significant differences (i.e., the p-value was very small and H0 was rejected). The results were as follows: Study Effect size (d) t-statistic Vaccine 1 0.7 4.8 Vaccine 2 0.2 4.8 (a) Based on the above information, can we know whether one study involved a larger sample size than the other? If so, which one? Explain. (b) Based on the above information, can we conclude that one vaccine is preferable to (i.e., more effective than) the other? If so, which one? Explain.In a study to determine if using low-intensity laser therapy reduces pain for orthodontic patients who are fitted with new braces, patients were randomly assigned to either a control group (who did not receive laser treatment) or an experimental group who did receive laser treatment.† The researchers found that the mean pain rating was lower for those in the laser treatment group than for those in the control group both two days and six days after receiving braces. The researchers used these data to determine if there was evidence to support the claim that the mean pain rating is lower for patients who receive the laser treatment. Answer the four key questions. Q, Question Type: Estimation or hypothesis testing? estimationhypothesis testing S, Study Type: Sample data or experiment data? sample dataexperiment data T, Type of Data: One variable or two? Categorical or numerical? one categorical variableone numerical variable two categorical variablestwo numerical variables…