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Population Growth
R and K Selection
R and K selection are concepts in ecology used to describe traits in the fluctuation of a population or population dynamics. For example, they describe the life-association traits between parent and offspring, such as quantity or number of young ones born at a time, quality of parental care, the age to maturity, and reproductive effort.
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- What causes sexual dimorphism? Give some examples of sexually dimorphic species, and why you think that form of sexual dimorphism arose.Scientists studying reproduction compared three closely related species of bagworm moths. The reproductive methods for these species are given in the table. Which of the following research questions would provide additional information about the population level impacts of meiosis and sexual reproduction? A - How do the number of D. charlottae offspring compare with the number of S. rupicolella offspring? B - Do D. charlottae and S. rupicolella populations express greater genetic diversity than D. fennicella populations? C - Are the offspring of D. fennicella genetically unique compared to the offspring of D. charlottae and S. rupicolella? D - Does crossing-over in D. fennicella result in increased genetic variation compared to D. charlottae and S. rupicolella?Which of the following statements describes an organism that is parthenogenic? An organism that reproduces without sex. An organism that is monoecious. An organism that produces offspring from eggs that have not been fertilized. An organism that starts as a female and develops into a male. A. 1, 2, & 3 B. 1 & 3 C. 2 & 4 D. 4 only E. all of 1, 2, 3 and 4
- Which of the following factors does not contribute to a J-shaped curve? a. long life span b. fast reproductive cycle c. high number of offspring per reproductive cycle d. unlimited source of foodDescribe the difference between semelparity and iteroparity— two different reproductive strategies.Assume you are studying development in two species of iguana. You determine that a certain gene, "SPN2" turns on and off at different times in the two different species. The difference in timing leads to a different body length between the two iguana species. This phenomenon is an example of which of the following terms? a. Punctuated Equilibrium b. Pleiotropy c. Gene duplication d. Heterochrony
- Write the definition of the following terms: 1. Reproductive effort 2. Cost of reproductionWhich types of environments/conditions would favor sexual reproduction over asexualreproduction in a species? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices A species that is rapidly expanding into new environments. A species that has accumulated many deleterious mutations An environment that is stable and favorable An environment where a pathogen of a species is rapidly diversifyingWhat is the Red Queen Dynamic? Using the snail example, explain why different parasite and host genotypes are expected to oscillate in frequency? Why would this favor sexual reproduction or outcrossing?
- Reproductive modes can be defined based on energetic provisioning (lechithotrophy vs. matritrophy) or birth style (ovipary vs. vivipary). Reproductive modes related to birth style mostly fall into clear categories of energetic provisioning. Define the above four reproductive modes based on energetics and style that make them distinct. Be sure to mention WHEN the relevant events related to each occur. Finally, explain why the birth style of ovovivipary less clearly falls into any one of these categories...From an evolutionary standpoint, why is sexual reproduction advantageous for the continuation of a species?What are advantages of asexual reproduction? Select all that apply. A) In a stable environment, a population that develops from asexual reproduction can grow quickly and thrive. B) In an unstable environment, a population that develops from asexual reproduction can grow quickly and thrive. C) Species that reproduce through asexual reproduction have more genetic diversity. D) Organisms in isolated areas can still reproduce through asexual reproduction.