1. What is Heart Failure? Explain pathophysiology, treatment. mortality and goals of 2. Explain the roles of the following drugs in the treatment of heart failure: A. Diuretics B. Betablockers C. ACE - Inhibitors and ARBs
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- A characteristic of blood circulation through or to the heart is that: a. the superior vena cava conveys blood to the head. b. the inferior vena cava conveys blood to the right atrium. c. the pulmonary arteries convey blood from the lungs to theleft atrium. d. the pulmonary veins convey blood into the left ventricle. e. the aorta branches into two coronary arteries that conveyblood from heart muscle.1) Please answer the following regarding Cardiovascular Drugs. A) What are the difference between the hypertensive drugs and list the drug corresponding to each category:1. Beta Blockers, 2.Calcium Channel Blockers, 3.Ace Inhibitor,4. Angiotensin II Blockers, 5. Diuretics. B) What are the difference between the cholesterol Lowering Agents and List the drugs corresponding to each category.1. Define myocardial infarction. Explain treatment and things you should now do. 2. Would you give a family member one of your kidneys? Friend? Stranger? Why or why not?
- 1. Age-related changes in the heart’s electrical conduction system such as fibrosis and loss of specialized cells and fibers in the SA node and fibrosis of AV node and left anterior fascicle contribute to the development of (choose all that apply): a. Normal heart rate at rest b. Increase in atrial ectopy (irregular, rapid heartbeats) c. Increase in episodes of bradycardia (slow heart rate) d. Increased incidence of heart block. 2. Describe 3 age-related changes in the lungs that have a negative impact on preventing lung infections.1. Explain the anatomical and physiological cardiac differences between children and adults. Explain the differences in cardiac output and blood volume, and describe how those differences affect pediatric cardiology nursing interventions.7). Answer it.! A patient hospitalised with aortic stenosis has activity intolerance related to insufficient oxygen due to decreased cardiac output. An appropriate nursing intervention for this patient is to: Select one: a. Progressively increase activity to increase cardiac tolerance b. Maintain on bed rest to reduce tissue oxygen demands c. Monitor electrocardiography to assess cardiac output d. Use a Semi-Fowler position to decrease venous return and increase respiratory excursion.?
- 3) Discuss Hypertension its main causes and plan of treatment from conservative interventions to invasive interventions and reasons for each plan of treatment. Discuss the dangers to the body from hypertension.4. A tourniquet is used by the phlebotomist to assess and determine the location of a suitable vein for venipuncture. Explain briefly:a. Why the tourniquet should be applied prior to blood withdrawal b. Where the tourniquet should be applied before blood can be withdrawn.Which of the following is a component of the blood pressure? A) Stroke Volume B) Heart Rate C) Systemic Vascular Resistance D) All of the above What is a common cause of heart failure? A) Exercise B) High potassium diet C) Infection D) Hypertension Which medication may be commonly administered if a patient is having a heart attack? A) Sotalol B) Aspirin C) Simvastatin D) Lisinopril Patients who experience angina, or chest pain from blood vessel occlusion, may be commonly prescribed what medication to relieve the pain? A) Ibuprofen B) Captopril C) Nitroglycerin D) None of the above
- 1. Tabulate the current JNC classification clinicians follow in staging blood pressure and hypertension. 2. Answer the following questions: At what point in the cardiac cycle the pressure in the heart highest? How would you tell by simple observation whether bleeding is arterial or venous? What is the name of the instrument used to compress the artery and record pressures in the auscultatory method of determining blood pressure? Interpret 145/ 85 (Based your answer on current JNC classification) In which position (sitting, reclining, or standing) is the Blood pressure normally highest NOTE: PLEASE ANSWER IN YOUR OWN WORDS4. Hypertension is commonly managed with multiple medication types, to include diuretics, beta blockers, and _______________.? A) Calcium Channel Blockers B) Nitrates C) ACE Inhibitors D) All of the above1- The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to . A) accommodate a greater volume of blood B) pump blood through a smaller valve C) expand the thoracic cage during diastole D) pump blood with greater pressure 2- Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the . A) left atrium B) left ventricle C) right atrium D) right ventricle 3- The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called . A) angina pectoris B) myocardial infarction C) cardiac tamponade D) pericarditis thsi are small questions please answer for all of them asap.