ANALYSIS & CONCLUSIONS1. You will notice that some lineages (e.g. the descendants of species 56) branched manytimes and are represented by many living species. Discuss the ecological conditions thatyou think might result in the rapid diversification of some lineages (A real worldexample would be the diversification of the mammals at the beginning of the Cenozoic,right after the dinosaurs went extinct.)2.Some lineages (e.g. the descendants of species 58) changed very little over time. A goodexample of this would be "living fossils like the horseshoe crab or cockroach. Again,discuss the ecological conditions that might result in this sort of long-term evolutionarystasis.3. Some Caminalcules went extinct without leaving descendants. In the real world, whatfactors might increase or decrease the probability of a species going extinct?4. Find two additional examples of convergent evolution among the Caminalcules. Thismeans finding cases where two or more species have a similar characteristic that evolvedindependently in each lineage. The wings of bats, birds and bees is an example ofconvergence since the three groups did not inherit the characteristic from their commonancestor. Write your answers in complete sentences (e.g. "Species x and y both havebut their most recent common ancestor, z, did not").List two additional real-world examples of convergent evolution (ones that we have notalready talked about in class) and discuss what might have caused the convergence.5. Describe two examples of vestigial structures that you can find among theCaminalcules. These are structures that have been reduced to the point that they arevirtually useless. Ear muscles and the tail bones are examples of vestigial structures inour own species.Explain how vestigial structures provide clues about a species' evolutionary past.Illustrate your argument with vestigial structures found in humans or other real species. CLASSIFICATION AND EVOLUTIONCaminalcules are imaginary animals invented by the evolutionary biologist Joseph Camin. In this labexercise, you will construct an evolutionary tree of the Caminalcules using both the "living" speciesand the additional 57 "fossil" species. This illustrates how modern classification schemes attempt toreflect evolutionary history. In the process of doing this exercise you will be introduced to conceptssuch as convergent evolution and vestigial structures.The Phylogeny of CaminalculesUsing a large sheet of paper or long size bond paper, construct a phylogenetic tree for theCaminalcules. Use a meter stick or ruler to draw 20 equally spaced horizontal lines on the paper.Each of the horizontal line will be used to indicate an interval of one million years. Label each line sothat the one at the bottom of the paper represents an age of 19 million years and the top line representsthe present (0 years).1. Cut out all the Caminalcules (including the living species).2.Put them in piles according to their age (the number in parentheses). Beginning with theoldest fossils, arrange the Caminalcules according to their evolutionary relationship. Figure 1shows how to get started.17?Millions of Years Ago1874581973Figure 1Hints, Suggestions and Warningsa.Draw lines faintly in pencil to indicate the path of evolution.b. Branching should involve only two lines at a time:Like thisNot thisC.Some living forms are also found in the fossil record.d.There are gaps in the fossil record for some lineages. Also, some species went extinct withoutleaving any descendantse.The Caminalcules were numbered at random; the numbers provide no clues to evolutionaryrelationships.£.The correct phylogenetic tree is already provided for this activity. Some hints are also provided.1+ⓇN

Question

ANALYSIS & CONCLUSIONS1. You will notice that some lineages (e.g. the descendants of species 56) branched manytimes and are represented by many living species. Discuss the ecological conditions thatyou think might result in the rapid diversification of some lineages (A real worldexample would be the diversification of the mammals at the beginning of the Cenozoic,right after the dinosaurs went extinct.)2.Some lineages (e.g. the descendants of species 58) changed very little over time. A goodexample of this would be &#34;living fossils like the horseshoe crab or cockroach. Again,discuss the ecological conditions that might result in this sort of long-term evolutionarystasis.3. Some Caminalcules went extinct without leaving descendants. In the real world, whatfactors might increase or decrease the probability of a species going extinct?4. Find two additional examples of convergent evolution among the Caminalcules. Thismeans finding cases where two or more species have a similar characteristic that evolvedindependently in each lineage. The wings of bats, birds and bees is an example ofconvergence since the three groups did not inherit the characteristic from their commonancestor. Write your answers in complete sentences (e.g. &#34;Species x and y both havebut their most recent common ancestor, z, did not&#34;).List two additional real-world examples of convergent evolution (ones that we have notalready talked about in class) and discuss what might have caused the convergence.5. Describe two examples of vestigial structures that you can find among theCaminalcules. These are structures that have been reduced to the point that they arevirtually useless. Ear muscles and the tail bones are examples of vestigial structures inour own species.Explain how vestigial structures provide clues about a species' evolutionary past.Illustrate your argument with vestigial structures found in humans or other real species. CLASSIFICATION AND EVOLUTIONCaminalcules are imaginary animals invented by the evolutionary biologist Joseph Camin. In this labexercise, you will construct an evolutionary tree of the Caminalcules using both the &#34;living&#34; speciesand the additional 57 &#34;fossil&#34; species. This illustrates how modern classification schemes attempt toreflect evolutionary history. In the process of doing this exercise you will be introduced to conceptssuch as convergent evolution and vestigial structures.The Phylogeny of CaminalculesUsing a large sheet of paper or long size bond paper, construct a phylogenetic tree for theCaminalcules. Use a meter stick or ruler to draw 20 equally spaced horizontal lines on the paper.Each of the horizontal line will be used to indicate an interval of one million years. Label each line sothat the one at the bottom of the paper represents an age of 19 million years and the top line representsthe present (0 years).1. Cut out all the Caminalcules (including the living species).2.Put them in piles according to their age (the number in parentheses). Beginning with theoldest fossils, arrange the Caminalcules according to their evolutionary relationship. Figure 1shows how to get started.17?Millions of Years Ago1874581973Figure 1Hints, Suggestions and Warningsa.Draw lines faintly in pencil to indicate the path of evolution.b. Branching should involve only two lines at a time:Like thisNot thisC.Some living forms are also found in the fossil record.d.There are gaps in the fossil record for some lineages. Also, some species went extinct withoutleaving any descendantse.The Caminalcules were numbered at random; the numbers provide no clues to evolutionaryrelationships.£.The correct phylogenetic tree is already provided for this activity. Some hints are also provided.1+ⓇN

Accepted Answer

Lineage (genetic) markers are any genetic records this is uniparentally transmitted without…