Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 24, Problem 1ITD
The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular sequence data. Which species is the domestic cat’s closest relative? Which clade is the sister taxon to tigers? Are bobcats more closely related to cougars or to ocelots?
Source: From Warren E. Johnson et al. 2006. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science 311:73–77.
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The figure shows a phylogenetic tree of various members of the order Proboscidea, which includes modern elephants. Which of the following claims is best supported by the information in the figure ?
a.The mastodon and the Stegodon diverged from their common ancestor 22 million years ago.
b.The common ancestor of the African elephant and the mastodon is the Palaeomastodon.
c.The mammoth diverged from its most recent common ancestor with African elephants before the mastodon diverged from its most recent common ancestor with Stegodons.
d.The Asian and African elephants are the most closely related species shown on the tree.
Referring to the phylogenetic tree shown above, answer the following questions:
1. How many OTUs are included in the phylogenetic analysis?
2. How many clades are there?
3. What is an autapomorphic trait of the domestic cat? Explain why?
4. What is the shared derived trait (synapomorphy) in the Family Felidae? Explain why?
Four Caribbean islands with similar environmental conditions have three different species of anole lizards with specific ecological morphotypes.
Lizards
Morphotypes
Grass lizards
Long tails
Canopy lizards
Large toe pads
Twig lizards
Short legs
Researchers devised two phylogenetic trees to represent two different hypotheses about how the lizards may have evolved. The first hypothesis is that the different body types evolved repeatedly and independently of each island. The second suggests that each morphotype evolved once and spread to different islands.
Which of the following statements best explains which type of data the researchers should use to test these two hypotheses, and which phylogenetic tree correctly shows the evolutionary relationships among anoles?
Analyzing DNA samples from the anoles would likely show that phylogenetic tree B is correct since it is likely that each body type evolved once and spread to different islands.
Analyzing the…
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 24.1 - How does the system of binomial nomenclature...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.2 - What is the difference between a phylogenetic tree...Ch. 24.2 - What are the differences between a monophyletic...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.5 - How does outgroup comparison facilitate the...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.6 - What assumption underlies the use of genetic...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24 - The evolutionary history of a group of organisms...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 24 - Which of the following does not help systematists...Ch. 24 - In a cladistic analysis, a systematist groups...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 24 - When systematists study morphological or...Ch. 24 - Which of the following pairs of structures are...Ch. 24 - To construct a phylogenetic tree by applying the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 24 - Imagine that you are a systematist studying a...Ch. 24 - Design an Experiment Imagine that you are trying...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 24 - The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae)...
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