10 For water, which phase has the largest entropy? O Liquid, H2O(1) Gas, H2O(g) O Ice-one, H20(s, crystalline) O Ice-LDA, H20(s, amorphous) 11 Which of the following processes represent a decrease in entropy for the system described? Select all that apply. O Iron rusting O Dough rising O Water flowing down hill. O Oil and vinegar separating. 13

10 For water, which phase has the largest entropy? O Liquid, H2O(1) Gas, H2O(g) O Ice-one, H20(s, crystalline) O Ice-LDA, H20(s, amorphous) 11 Which of the following processes represent a decrease in entropy for the system described? Select all that apply. O Iron rusting O Dough rising O Water flowing down hill. O Oil and vinegar separating. 13

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter10: Entropy And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10.39PAE: Through photosynthesis, plants build molecules of sugar containing several carbon atoms from carbon...

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According to Lambert, leaves lying in the yard and playing cards that are in disarray on a table have not undergone an increase in their thermodynamic entropy. Suggest another reason why leaves and playing cards may not be a good analogy for the entropy of a system containing, for example, only H2O molecules or only O2 molecules.
For each process, tell whether the entropy change of the system is positive or negative, (a) A glassblower heats glass (the system) to its softening temperature, (b) A teaspoon of sugar dissolves in a cup of coffee. (The system consists of both sugar and coffee.) (c) Calcium carbonate precipitates out of water in a cave to form stalactites and stalagmites. (Consider only the calcium carbonate to be the system.)
Through photosynthesis, plants build molecules of sugar containing several carbon atoms from carbon dioxide. In the process, entropy is decreased. The reaction of CO2with formic acid to form oxalic acid provides a simple example of a reaction in which the number of carbon atoms in a compound increases: CO2(aq)+HCOOH(aq)H2C2O4(aq) (a) Calculate the standard entropy change for this reaction and discuss the sign of S . (b) How do plants carry out reactions that increase the number of carbon atoms in a sugar, given the changes in entropy for reactions like this?
10.69 If a sample of air were separated into nitrogen and oxygen molecules (ignoring other gases present), what would be the sign of for this process? Explain your answer. The next four questions relate to the following paragraph [Frank L. Lambert, Journal of Chemical Education, 76(10), 1999, 1385]. "The movement of macro objects from one location to another by an external agent involves no change in the objects' physical (thermodynamic) entropy. The agent of movement undergoes a thermodynamic entropy increase in the process."
Define the following: a. spontaneous process b. entropy c. positional probability d. system e. surroundings f. universe