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- (a) Explain how pyrrole is isoelectronic with the cyclopentadienyl anion.(b) Specifically, what is the difference between the cyclopentadienyl anion and pyrrole?(c) Draw resonance forms to show the charge distribution on the pyrrole structure.What diene and dienophile are needed to prepare each compound by a Diels–Alder reaction?Devise a stepwise synthesis of attached compound from dicyclopentadieneusing a Diels–Alder reaction as one step. You may also use organiccompounds having ≤ 4 C's, and any required organic or inorganicreagents.
- Zolpidem (trade name Ambien) promotes the rapid onset of sleep, making it a widely prescribed drug for treating insomnia. a.In what type of orbital does the lone pair on each N atom in the heterocycle reside? b. Explain why the bicyclic ring system that contains both N atoms is aromatic. c.Draw all reasonable resonance structures for the bicyclic ring system.Sulfur ylides, like the phosphorus ylides, are usefulintermediates in organic synthesis. Methyl trans-chrysanthemate, anintermediate in the synthesis of the insecticide pyrethrin I,can be prepared from diene A and a sulfur ylide. Draw a stepwisemechanism for this reaction.The Grignard reagent is reacted with oxethane (four-ring cyclic ether) to giveprimary alcohol, but the reaction is slower than the reaction between ethyleneoxides. Write down the reasons for the reaction and explain the reasons why there was a differencethe reactivity between oxethane and ethylene oxide?
- (−)-Hyoscyamine, an optically active drug used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, is isolated from Atropa belladonna, the deadly nightshade plant, by a basic aqueous extraction procedure. If too much base is used during isolation, optically inactive material is isolated. (a) Explain this result by drawing a stepwise mechanism. (b) Explain why littorine, an isomer isolated from the tailflower plant in Australia, can be obtained optically pure regardless of the amount of base used during isolation.Draw the product (A) of the following Diels–Alder reaction. A was a key intermediate in the synthesis of the addicting pain reliever morphine, the chapter-opening molecule.Why is the structure of compound X? - how do I know??
- Addition of HCl to alkene X forms two alkyl halides Y and Z. (A) Label Y and Z as a kinetic or thermodynamic product and explain why. (B) Explain why the addition of HCl occurs at the exocyclic C=C, rather than the other C=CExplain why compound A is much more stable than compound B.a. How many vinylic hydrogens does cyclopentene have? b. How many allylic hydrogens does it have?