17. No resources beyond that optimum point level should be allocated to production. True False 6. When the Marginal Social Benefit = Marginal Social Cost, Price decreases and quantity increases. True False 14. Resources are NOT efficiently allocated to any product when the MB and MC are equal. True False * *
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- The public smoking of cigarettes generates costs to society from second-hand smoke, therefore, cigarette production imposes costs on people who do not smoke. Moreover, private consumption of cigarettes can start apartment building and wild fires that also impose costs on non-smokers. Luckily, fire extinguishers can help prevent the spread of fires. Suppose that the government can institute either a tax on cigarette producers, or a subsidy to cigarette producers, to bring the private production costs in line with social costs. Identify where the socially optimal equilibrium would be.The depletion of the ozone layer is attributed to the emission of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Before 1990, the use of coolants in refrigerators such as Freon released a significant amount of CFCs. Given the above scenario, is the equilibrium level of refrigerators produced prior to 1990 in the market “too much” or “too little” compared to the social optimum? Explain why this occurs. Support your answer by drawing the private and social, marginal cost and marginal benefit curves for refrigerators. Identify the deadweight loss if any exists. Identify a regulation that the government can use to achieve the socially optimal level of refrigerators. Explain how this regulation works. Explain how the Coase theorem could hypothetically work to achieve the optimal level of CFCs emissions in this context. Enumerate at least one major drawback that hinders the creation of a market for CFCs without any third party regulators in the real world. Assume that the marginal savings for refrigerator…Concepts illustrated in the Tragedy of Commons that we need to recognize include undersanding natural sysems and how they operate. being aware of how the reality of human nature can impact resources . considering how the Tragedy of the Commons connects with the oncept of sustainability . BOTH being aware of how the reality of human nature can impact resources AND considering how the Tragedy of the Commons connects with the concept of susainability all of the above. The name of the class is introduction to sustainability.
- The chapter defines private enterprise as a characteristic of market-oriented economies. What would public enterprise be? Hint: It is a characteristic of command economies.1a) Water filtration removes contaminants that increase the risk of plant diseases from a farmer's water sources. As a result, there is a decreased risk of consumers suffering illnesses from consuming crops grown with filtered water. Due to this, economists might suggest that the use of water filtration systems in agriculture has an associated ________ externality? 1b) Draw the private cost, private benefit, social cost, and social benefit curves in the market for water filtration systems. If any of the curves are the same, label the curve as both. 1c) Is there market failure if the market runs freely? If so, is the socially optimal quantity of farmers using water filtration systems higher or lower than the market outcome? 1d) Provide a policy suggestion that would help to correct any market failures that arise due to this externality. Explain why this would be effective. 2a) Livestock and poultry farming are some of the largest contributors of ammonia emissions. Ammonia has been…Define and give an example of a common resource. Without government intervention, will people use this good too much or too little? Explain.
- Suppose the demand for standard sized bottled water in the US is Qd=120-30.5P where Qd is monthly quantity demanded in millions and P is the price per bottle in dollars and cents. If the marginal private cost (MPC) of producing the bottled water is one dollar, calculate the market equilibrium quantity. Explain what a constant marginal cost implies. Does that mean the total opportunity cost of producing bottled water is unrelated to how many are produced? Let’s assume that the marginal private benefit (MPB) of bottled water equals the marginal social benefit (MSB). Explain what that means. At the equilibrium calculated in part A, what do you know about buyers’ willingness to pay in each transaction?A large supermarket applied to build on land which was in an area of natural beauty. The local government allowed the building, even though the natural beauty of the area would be lost, because many jobs would be created and much needed income would be brought to the local community. Which economic ideas cannot be found in the above statement? A external cost and private enterprise B free market and the conservation of resources C opportunity cost and improved standards of living D public sector and external benefitConsider a common resource good like a free camping ground next to a lake. a. What is the inefficient outcome generated in this example if the quantity of people using the camping ground was determined by a free market relative to the social optimum? What causes this inefficient outcome? b. Propose one way in which to solve the inefficient outcome described above.
- Consider 3 individuals in a small town: Alice, Bianca, and Claire. There is an NGO who can provide an art museum for their town with the help of local contributions. The higher the contributions, the larger the art collection of the museum. Their respective direct marginal benefits from N works of art are: MBA=7-N, MBB=7-½N, MBC=23-½N2, and their respective marginal costs are: MCA=2, MCB=3, MBC=5. Find each person’s optimal number of art works. Who will contribute and how many works of art will be provided?If education has private benefits to an individualas well as external benefits to society, explain whya less-than-optimal amount of education occurs.Define and give an example of a common resource. Without government intervention, will people use this good too much or too little? why? List and define the different kinds of goods. Give an example of each