18. Small country has 3 citizens with the utility function U; = (4X; + G)1/4, 1 citizen with the utility function U₁ = (X₁ + 2lnG)¹² and 2 citizens with the utility function U₁ = X₁ + 3G + 7, where X, is the amount of private good consumed by person i, and G is the amount of public good. If the public good costs 8 PLN per unit, and the private good costs 1 PLN per unit, the efficient amount of public good is: a) 5 5) 8 =) 5/8 8/5
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- Consider a two-good economy with one private and one public good. There are four consumers in this economy who contribute to public good provision. The price of the private good is $1 and the demand function of the public good for each consumer is as follows: p1 = 20 - 2G, p2 = 30-(5/10)G, p3 = 100-(G/2) and p4 = 60-G where G is the number of units of the public good and p^i is the price of each unit for consumer i in dollars. The cost of providing one extra unit of the public good is (alpha). (a) With 170 < alpha < 210, what is the optimal level of provision of the public good? Show the optimal point on a graph. (b) Is there a possibility that the public good is not supplied at all? Why? (c) If the public good is not supplied at all, what is the size of the deadweight loss due to this market failure? (d) If at least one person contributes, for what values of the public good will be supplied?Consider an economy with a private good and public good. The economyconsists of two consumers whose utility functions are:u1(x1, y) = 1/2 ln x1 +1/2 ln y and u2(x2, y) = 1/3 ln x2 +2/3 ln y.The endowment of consumer 1 is w1 = 2, and endowment of consumer 2 is w2 = 3, both in units of private goods. The production of public good uses the linear technology y = z. 1. Find Lindahl equilibrium.Consider an economy consisting of three people – A, B, and C. Person i (where i is A, B, or C) has the utility function where z is the quantity of public good provided and ci is person i’s consumption of private goods. Person i’s income yi is divided between consumption of the private good and his contribution to the financing of the public good. Person i’s contribution is the product of his “tax price” ti and the quantity of the public good, so Person A’s income is 90, person B’s income is 120 and person C’s income is 150. Twenty units of private good must be given up to produce each unit of public good. Find the Lindahl equilibrium
- Question 2 Suppose that three individuals each benefit from a public good. The marginal cost of the public good provision is fixed at $15 per unit: MC = $15 Whereas each of the three individuals (Person 1, Person 2, and Person 3) each receive a marginal benefit for each unit of the public good defined by: Person 1: MB!= 30 − 2Q Person 2: MB"= 20 − 2Q Person 3: MB#= 21 − Q As is the case with public goods, they are non-rival. Therefore, note that each person gains benefit from the total amount of Q purchased by everybody, not just the individual value that they purchase themselves (e.g. Q1, Q2, or Q3). 1. Draw a figure with all three MB curves, the MC curve, and the Social Marginal Benefit (SMB) Curve. Label all x-intercepts, y-intercepts, and kinks in the SMB curve Full explain this question and text typing work only1. Suppose there is a society with two people who have the following valuations of level y of a public good: v1(y) = 1210√y and v2(y) = 410√y so their marginal benefits are given by 605/√y and 205/√y, respectively. The cost of providing the public good is given by c(y) = 10y. So we have MC(y) = 10. Suppose that their utility is given by u1 = x1 + v1(y) and u2 = x2 + v2(y) , where xi denotes person i’s money (that is not spent on the public good). Further, suppose their wealth/income levels are given by w1 = 500 and w2 = 800. (a) What is the socially optimal level of the public good?Two consumers, M and N, have the following demand curves M: PM = 24 – 2Q N: PN = 48 – 4Q Where PM and PN represent marginal willingness-to-pay values for M and N respectively. Q represents the quantity of output. (a) If M and N are the only consumers in the market and the product is a public good, obtain the market social benefit equation. Draw the two individual private benefits and the marginal social benefit curves in the same diagram. (b) If M and N are the only consumers in the market and the product is a private good, obtain the market demand equation
- Suppose that three individuals each benefit from a public good. The marginal cost of the public good provision is fixed at $15 per unit: MC = $15 Whereas each of the three individuals (Person 1, Person 2, and Person 3) each receive a marginal benefit for each unit of the public good defined by: Person 1: MB1= 40 − 2Q Person 2: MB2= 30 − 2Q Person 3: MB3= 31 − Q 1. Draw a figure with all three MB curves, the MC curve, and the Social Marginal Benefit (SMB) Curve. Label all x-intercepts, y-intercepts, and kinks in the SMB curve.2. Given the above MB curves, write down the Social Marginal Benefit Curve as a function of Q. 3. What is the Socially Optimal Choice of Q and would any private individual purchase this on their own? Show your work. Suppose that you are on the town council, and that the town currently has Q = 11 of this public good. You are considering raising money from Persons 1 – 3 in order to buy another unit of Q, where Person 1 pays t1, Person 2 pays t2, Person 3 pays t3 4.…Consider an economy with a private good and public good. The economy consists of two consumers whose utility functions are: u1(x1,y)=1/2 ln x1 + 1/2 ln y and u2(x2,y)=1/3 ln x2 + 2/3 ln y (better written equations attached) The endowment of consumer 1 is w1=2, and the endowment of consumer 2 is w2=3, both in units of private goods. The production of public good uses the linear Technology y=z. Find Lindahl equilibrium.A strategy for consumer 1 in the private provision of public goods model is: A quantity of public good purchases that maximises 1’s utility for each level of public good purchases of consumer 2. A quantity of public good purchases. A quantity of public good purchases for each level of public good purchases of consumer 2. The total quantity of public goods consumed by consumer 1.
- Suppose the marginal cost of a pure public good increases as more is purchased by a community. Prove that the Lindahl equilibrium will result in a budget surplus at the efficient annual output of the pure public goodBecause public goods are jointly consumed, which of the following is obtained by summing the private marginal benefits across all individuals? Social marginal costs Private marginal costs Social marginal benefit External benefits of consumptionThe accompanying table relating to a public good provides information on the prices Young and Zorn are willing to pay for various quantities of that public good. These two people are the only members of society. Determine the price that society is willing to pay for the public good at each quantity of output. If the government’s marginal cost of providing this public good is constant at $7, how many units of the public good should government provide? Why not less? Why not more?