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- Assuming an economy have only two commercial banks in it banking system, Classic Bank and Prudent Bank. The following shows the balance sheet of the two banks as at 2019.Classic BankBalance sheet as at December, 2019GHSm GHSmAssets: Liabilities & Equity:Reserves 1,000 Deposits 3,000Securities 2,000 Equity 7,000Loans & Advances 1,000Property, Plant and Equipment 6,000 .10,000 10,000 Prudent BankBalance sheet as at December, 2019GHSm GHSmAssets: Liabilities & Equity:Reserves 600 Deposits 2,500Securities 1,500 Equity 4,400Loans & Advances 800Property, Plant and Equipment 4,000 .6,900 6,900Assume a required reserve ratio of 10%.(a) What is the amount of excess reserves in this commercial banking system? (b)What is the maximum amount that the money supply can be expanded? What would be the effect of a fall in reserve ratio to 5%, on the maximum amount that the money supply can be expanded? (c) Determine the stock of broad money supply assuming the non-bank public holds…Assume we have a simplified banking system in balance-sheet equilibrium. Also assume thatall banks are subject to a uniform 10 percent reserve requirement and demand deposits arethe only form of money. A commercial bank receiving a new demand deposit of $100 wouldbe able to extend new loans in the amount of: Group of answer choices $1,000. $10. $100. $90.Recognize thehistorical context ofthe development ofthe central bankingsystem
- Assume we have a simplified banking system inbalance-sheet equilibrium. Also assume that allbanks are subject to a uniform 10 percent reserverequirement and demand deposits are the onlyform of money. A commercial bank receiving anew demand deposit of $100 would be able toextend new loans in the amount ofa. $10.b. $90.c. $100.d. $1,000.What is Domestic Systemically Important Bank (D-SIB) and Global Systemically Important Bank (G-SIB) ? How the mechanism of both ? Explained with comprehensiveThe Minsky Model of a Financial Crisis . Economist Hyman Minsky believed “…the financial system in a market economy is unstable, fragile, and prone to crisis.” Explain in some detail how the financial system is “unstable, fragile and prone to crisis,” according to Minsky What did the psychological term euphoria mean to Hyman Minsky? In other words, define the term as Minsky would define it Briefly specify (but do not explain) the primary case against the market system of economic organization
- a. Suppose a certain bank has $5M in capital, demand deposits totaling $40M, holds 15% reserves, and invests solely in high-risk loans. Sketch out this bank’s balance sheet.b. Now suppose that 10% of the loans completely default. What does this bank’s balance sheet look like? Hold demand deposits constant for this question.c. Finally, assume depositors, fearing insolvency, withdraw $15M from the bank. The bank can sell loans only at a 25% discount. Barring any inter-bank borrowing, does this bank remain solvent? Why or why not?Consider the model of supply and demand for central bank money. Assumethat there there are commercial banks. Suppose that people hold 20% of their moneyin currency and 80% of their money in deposits. The central bank sets the reserve-todeposit ratio at 10%. In the first period, the central bank increases the supply of moneyby $200, buying bonds through Open-Market Operations. Use this information to answerthe following questions:(a) For the second period (after the central bank has injected $200 in theeconomy), calculate: (i) the demand for currency, (ii) the amount of deposit held atthe commercial banks, (iii) the demand for reserves held at the central bank, and(iv) the demand for the high-powered money. How much is the additional moneysupply created at the end of the second period?2(b) How much is the additional money supply created at the end of the thirdperiod?(c) As time continues, additional money supply will be created. Calculatethe total increase in the money supply as a…Which of the following factors pose a limit on the ability of commercial banks to increase the quantity of money in circulation by extending new loans? Select one or more: a. the quantity of Central Bank reserves that they own b. the quantity of money that savers lent to them by opening deposits c. the behavior of households and firms, which reduce the quantity of money in circulation by repaying previous loans. d. the availability of profitable lending opportunities in the economy e. the willingness of household and firms to take up new debts at the given interest rate
- assume (i) Consumers spend $200 billion plus 80% of after-tax income, or C=200+0.8 Yd (ii) Investment demand varies inversely with the interest rate, such that I= 500-2000r (iii) Currently government spending and taxes are both $250 billion, or G=250 and Tx=250, (iv) The total money demand or liquidity preference schedule for this economy is an inverse function of the rate of interest and is given by the equation MD=850-1000r (v) The required reserve ratio for banks in this economy is 20%. No bank holds excess reserves, and everybody keeps their money in the bank. The total of reserves in the banks is $150 billion. Answer the following questions given the information above. a) The central bank wants national income to be $3000 billion. What must investment be for the equilibrium level of national income to be $3000 billion (if investment alone changes in response to the change in the interest rate)? b) At what interest rate is this level of investment (your answer to part (a))…(i) Why does the W–M–M theorem hold in the analysis of Chapter 22 but not in the analysis presented in this chapter? What is the critical difference in the assumptions that changed this finding and what is your own assessment of their plausibility? Does the W–M–M theorem hold or not hold in modern developed economies? Does it do so in the LDCs with poorly developed financial markets? Discuss.(ii) If currency (a fiat money) is intrinsically useless for firms and households, are demand/checking deposits also intrinsically useless for them? Why, then, do they hold these when there are other highly liquid assets such as savings deposits and money market mutual funds (MMMF) that offer higher returns than demand deposits? If the only demand for checking deposits is for holding savings, as in the OLG models of money, why do banks offer such checking accounts and not confine themselves to savings and term deposit accounts? Why do they offer the latter rather than…Economics Consider the model of financial intermediation seen in Chapter 3. Money is denoted by M, currency by C and demand deposits by D. Currency in the economy is initially $4,000, so C = $4,000. Suppose households deposit all of their currency in “Firstbank”. 1. Suppose banks hold 100% of deposits as reserves. Then the money supply is 2. Suppose that banks hold only 30% of deposits as reserves, and lend 70% of deposits. Right after Firstbank lends some of the deposits to borrowers, and before borrowers deposit the money from the loans, the money supply in the economy is