Please answer asap and type your answer and do not copy from anywhere please 2) In the classic experiment discovering transformation (involving mice):a) F+ cells injected into the mouse converted F- cells to F+Both strains of bacteria injected into the mice were the same speciesCapsule formation genes were lost due to gaining homologous genes which replaced themDead cells regained the ability to cause disease

Transformation process is defined as the acquisition of exogenous DNA by an organism in other words…

2) In the classic experiment discovering transformation (involving mice): a) F+ cells injected into the mouse converted F- cells to F+ b) Both strains of bacteria injected into the mice were the same species Capsule formation genes were lost due to gaining homologous genes which replaced them Dead cells regained the ability to cause disease

2) In the classic experiment discovering transformation (involving mice): a) F+ cells injected into the mouse converted F- cells to F+ b) Both strains of bacteria injected into the mice were the same species Capsule formation genes were lost due to gaining homologous genes which replaced them Dead cells regained the ability to cause disease

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter17: Bacterial And Viral Genetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4TYK

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When Griffith injected mice with a combination of live rough-strain and heat-killed smooth-strain pneumococci, he discovered that (a) the mice were unharmed (b) the dead mice contained living rough-strain bacteria (c) the dead mice contained living smooth-strain bacteria (d) DNA had been transferred from the smooth-strain bacteria to the mice (e) DNA had been transferred from the rough-strain bacteria to the smooth-strain bacteria
Bacterial transformation is a major concern in many medical settings. Why might health care providers be concerned? a. Pathogenic bacteria could introduce diseasecausing genes in non-pathogenic bacteria. b. Antibiotic resistance genes could be introduced to new bacteria to create “superbugs.” c. Bacteriophages could spread DNA encoding toxins to new bacteria. d. All of the above.
Researchers are designing several experiments to test the ability of Salmonella bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. A culture of Salmonella bacteria is exposed to the same concentrations (200 mg/L) of an antibiotic for four days. The table shows the number of isolated resistant bacteria over a four-day period. Which of the following statements best explains these results? A - The bacteria were not affected by the antibiotic. B - After being exposed to the antibiotic, the bacteria altered their DNA. C - A new species of bacteria emerged after the antibiotics were introduced. D - Random mutations led some bacteria to be resistant and, over time, they increased in the population.
You have found that two types of bacteria (one large, one small) can undergo horizontal gene transfer. The smaller cells encode the green fluorescent protein (GFP), and the large cells do not glow. You mix the two types of cells together, and allow them to grow together on an agar plate. The next day, you find that some of the larger cells have acquired the gfp gene and now glow green, indicating that the gene has moved from the smaller cells to the larger cells. You want to determine whether this is occurring via conjugation, transformation, or transduction. You have available a few different experimental tools: -Pure cultures of the large, non-glowing bacteria -Pure cultures of the small, gfp-expressing, glowing bacteria -0.2 µm filters (will trap both types of cells, but will let other smaller materials through) -DNase enzyme (degrades DNA) -Fluorescent microscopes and electron microscopes -All other necessary test tubes, liquid growth media, agar plates, etc Briefly outline a…
A patient has a Haemophilus influenzae respiratory infection. She is prescribed Amoxicillin. Unfortunately, this strain of H. influenzae has resistance to this antibiotic. Her symptoms worsen. When she again visits the doctor, a nasty Amoxicillin resistant Streptococcus is isolated from her nasal passages. What is the most likely explanation? transduction. conjugation. transformation. none of the above
1. Choose the phrase from the right column that best fitsthe term in the left column.a. transformation 1. requires supplements in medium forgrowthb. conjugation 2. a method for mutagenizing genes inbacterial genomesc. transduction 3. small circular DNA molecule that canintegrate into the chromosomed. lytic cycle 4. the core genes that define a bacterialspecies plus all of the genes unique toindividual strainse. lysogeny 5. transfer of DNA requiring directphysical contactf. episome 6. integration of phage DNA into thechromosomeg. auxotroph 7. infection by phages in which lysis ofcells releases new virus particlesh. pangenome 8. transfer of naked DNAi. gene targeting 9. transfer of DNA between bacteria viavirus particles
Q. The diagram is given below shows conjugation between F + or Hfr donor cells with F-recipient cells. On the basis of this diagram, answer the following questions.1. How you will differentiate between an F + and an Hfr strain? 2. Among two strains, which type of strain do you expect to transfer bacterial genes to F-cells? 3. What may be the end status of both donor and recipient cells of F plasmid-mediated conjugation? 4. What may be the end result when Hfr conjugates with F- cell?
DNA from a strain of Bacillus subtilis with genotype a+ b+ c+ d+ e+ is used to transform a strain with genotype a– b– c– d– e–. Pairs of genes are checked for co-transformation and results shown below are obtained. Based on these results, what is the order of the genes on the bacterial chromosome? please show how you worked out the order by diagraming, thank you! Pair of genes Co-transformation a+ and b+ no a+ and c+ no a+ and d+ yes a+ and e+ yes b+ and c+ yes b+ and d+ no b+ and e+ no c+ and d+ no c+ and e+ yes d+ and e+ no
The Kishony performed a simple but elegant experiment using a “mega-plate.” Which of the following is a fair conclusion that can be drawn from this study? The majority of antibiotic resistance occurs via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between Actinobacteria Sensitive bacteria may acquire resistance to high concentrations of the antibiotic through many mutations Bacteria will gradually lose resistance to an antibiotic if you plate them on a large enough plate Bacteria will migrate via chemotaxis away from recombinant phage used in phage therapy
A student mixes some heat-killed type IIS Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria with live type IIR bacteria and injects the mixture into a mouse. The mouse develops pneumonia and dies. The student recovers some type IIS bacteria from the dead mouse. If this is the only experiment conducted by the student, has the student demonstrated that transformation has taken place? What other explanations might explain the presence of the type IIS bacteria in the dead mouse?
Bacterial transformation and bacteriophage labeling experiments proved that DNA was the hereditary material in bacteria and in DNA-containing viruses. Some viruses do not contain DNA but have RNA inside the phage particle. An example is the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) that infects tobacco plants, causing lesions in the leaves. Two different variants of TMV exist that have different forms of a particular protein in the virus particle that can be distinguished. It is possible to reconstitute TMV in vitro (in the test tube) by mixing purified proteins and RNA. The reconstituted virus can then be used to infect the host plant cells and produce a new generation of viruses. Design an experiment to show that RNA, rather than protein, acts as the hereditary material in TMV.
In the replica-plating experiments of the Lederbergs, bacterialcolonies appeared at the same locations on each of two secondaryplates becausea. T1 phage caused the mutations to happen.b. the mutations occurred on the master plate prior to T1 exposureand prior to replica plating.c. Both a and b are true.d. Neither a nor b is true.