2) Long run market equilibrium Consider a market with small, identical, price-taking firms, each of which has long run total cost: TC = 3q² + a) Calculate marginal and average costs. What is each firm's exit price, and what is the minimum quantity each would be willing to supply? b) Find the long-run equilibrium price if this market is perfectly competitive. c) If market demand is given by QD = 10 – P, how many firms will this market have in the long run perfectly competitive equilibrium? d) If demand for this product increases to Qº = 23 – P, how many more firms will enter the market? e) Find the firm-level supply function g$(P). Did you need to find it before now?
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- In a purely competitive market at its long-run equilibrium, which of the following is not true? a The marginal benefit of the last unit of the product equals the marginal cost of producing that unit. b The maximum willingness of buyers to pay for the last unit of the product equals the minimum acceptable price for the seller of that unit. c Price equals marginal cost, and they are equal to the lowest attainable average cost of production. d The combined amount of consumer and producer surpluses is at its minimum possible.An industry currently has 100 firms, each of which has fixed cost of $16 and averagevariable cost as follows:Quantity Average Variable Cost1 $ 12 23 34 45 56 6a. Compute a firm’s marginal cost and average total cost for each quantity from 1 to 6.b. The equilibrium price is currently $10. How much does each firm produce? What isthe total quantity supplied in the market?c. In the long run, firms can enter and exit the market, and all entrants have the samecosts as above. As this market makes the transition to its long-run equilibrium, willthe price rise or fall? Will the quantity demanded rise or fall? Will the quantitysupplied by each firm rise or fall? Explain your answers.Answer the question on the basis of the following demand and cost data for a specific firm. Demand Data Cost Data (1) Price (2) Price (3) Quantity Output Total Cost $12.00 $10.00 6 6 $61 11.00 8.85 7 7 62 10.00 8.00 8 8 64 9.00 7.00 9 9 67 8.00 6.10 10 10 72 7.00 5.00 11 11 79 6.00 4.15 12 12 86 With the demand schedule shown by columns (2) and (3), in long-run equilibrium A) price will equal ATC B). total cost will exceed total revenue. C) marginal cost will exceed price. D) price will equal marginal revenue
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- Suppose that the seitan industry is initially operating in long-run equilibrium at a price level of $5 per pound of seitan and quantity of 175 million pounds per year. Suppose a top medical journal publishes research that animal-alternative protein sources such as seitan could increase your expected lifespan by 5 years. The publication is expected to cause consumers to demand (less/more) seitan at every price. In the short run, firms will respond by ( attached image). Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both on the following graph to illustrate these short-run effects of the publication In the long run, some firms will respond by (attached image) until (consumer demand returns to original level, each firm in the industry is once again earning zero profit, seitan populations grow large enough to support more firms, new technologies are discovered that lower costs) Now Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both on another graph (same as the first) to illustrate both…7. Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consider the competitive market for copper. Assume that, regardless of how many firms are in the industry, every firm in the industry is identical and faces the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves shown on the following graph. The following diagram shows the market demand for copper. Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there are 10 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 15 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms. If there were 20 firms in this market, the short-run equilibrium price of copper would be ___ per…Consider the market for electronic components ("chips") and assume that there is complete competition.1a) Graph the short-run market equilibrium in a supply-demand diagram. 1b) Due to entry restrictions, there are long waiting times and thus supply passports. Show what impact these supply bottlenecks have on the market for electric cars. For this purpose, graphically represent the situation with and without supply bottlenecks in a supply-demand diagram. Label the old and new market equilibrium as well as the new and old consumer and producer surplus. Be sure to include the necessary labels in your diagram. 1c) Since the effects on the market for electric cars related to the supply bottleneck are not desirable from a macroeconomic perspective, the government is considering intervening with economic policy measures. In your diagram from 1b), show why the effects addressed are not desirable from a macroeconomic perspective. Also explain this briefly in the text or annotated keywords.1d)…
- Suppose that each firm in a competitive industry has the following costs: Totalcost:TC=50+1/2q2 Marginalcost:MC=q where q is an individual firm's quantity produced. The market demand curve for this product is Demand:QD=120−P where P is the price and Q is the total quantity of the good. Currently, there are 9 firms in the market.1. Give the equation for the market supply curve for the short run in which the number of firms is fixed.2. What is the equilibrium price and quantity for this market in the short run?3. In this equilibrium, how much does each firm produce? Calculate each firm's profit or loss. Is there incentive for firms to enter or exit?4. In the long run with free entry and exit, what is the equilibrium price and quantity in this market?5. In this long-run equilibrium, how much does each firm produce? How many firms are in themarket?You are self-employed profit maximization consultant, specializing in different market structures, the following data is given to you by one firm in the table below. Price $10 Marginal Revenue MR $7 Output 200 units Marginal Cost MC $6 Total cost TC $180 Total fixed cost TFC $80 State whether the following statements are right and wrong (Explain) a. The firm above is operating in a perfectly competitive market. b. The firm above is producing the profit maximization level of output. c. The firm above supposed to shut down. d. The firm above operating in the long run. e. The firm’s AVC is $0.85.In a competitive market, the long-run demand is given by P = 20 - (0.01)*q Firms in the industry have as their cost structure the expression C = q3 - 5q2 + 10q. Determine: (a) equilibrium price b) Quantity produced-sold of the firm. c) What quantity is traded in the market? d) Over what time period does this market work? (short or long term?) e) What is the profit of the individual firm? f) What will be the behavior of the individual firm, will it exit or stay in the market?