2. Identify the following: a. the original cell that produces new cells through mitosis or meiosis b. a group of four chromosomes that takes part in meiosis c. the sex cell produced by the male d. a unit of DNA that determines a specific hereditary trait in an organism; comes in pairs e. a twisted and coiled strand of DNA within the nucleus that carries the codes for reproductive traits such as eye and hair color f. the process through which organisms produce offspring; creation of a new individual g. the creation of a new cell or organism identical to the parent; does not involve the union of sex cells h. the cell part that holds the chromosomes and DNA that controls all cell activities i. one of the two cells created when a parent cell divides through mitosis j. a thin wall or covering that surrounds the nucleus of the cell

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Genetic Variation

Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.

Quantitative Genetics

Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.