2. Let DES {0, 1}64 x {0, 1}56 → {0, 1}64 be the DES function. Show that DES(k,) = DES(k,x) (1) for k = {0, 1}56, x = {0,1}64, where denotes the bitwise complement of a bit string x.
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- A bit string contains 1's and 0's. How many different bit strings can be constructed given the restriction(s)? Length is 20. Has exactly six 1's in the first half. Has exactly three 1's in the second half.(b) The bit strings for the sets {1,2,3,4,5} and {1,3,5,7,9} are 1111100000 and 1010101010, respectively. Use bit strings to find union, intersection and complement of both sets.Question 1 A.) Considering an n-bit LFSR, what is the length of the LFSR bit sequence if the feedback function implements a primitive polynomial and in the initial state of the LFSR is non-zero (i.e., the initial state is something other than all zero values)? B).Considering an n-bit LFSR, what is the length of the LFSR bit sequence if the feedback function implements a primitive polynomial and in the initial state of the LFSR is all zeros? Full explainthe this question very fast solution sent me step by step Don't ignore any part all part work u Text typing work only not allow paper work
- implement bitMask(x,y) Generate a mask consisting of all 1’s from lowbit to highbit /* * bitMask - Generate a mask consisting of all 1's * lowbit and highbit* Examples: bitMask(5,3) = 0x38* Assume 0 <= lowbit <= 31, and 0 <= highbit <= 31* If lowbit > highbit, then mask should be all 0's* Legal ops: ! ~ & ^ | + << >>* Max ops: 16* Rating: 3*/int bitMask(int highbit, int lowbit) {return 2;}Consider the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) algorithm discussed in Section 6.2.3 of the textbook. Suppose that the 4-bit generator (G) is 1011, that the data payload (D) is 10011101 and that r = 3. What are the CRC bits (R) associated with the data payload D, given that r = 3?The bit strings for the sets {I, 2, 3, 4, 5} and {I, 3, 5, 7, 9} are 1 1 1 1 1 0 0000 and 10 1010 1010,respectively. Use bit strings to find the union and intersection of these sets
- A repetition code is an [n, 1] Code in which the n - 1 parity bits are repetitions of the information bit. Is this repetition code a linear code ? What is the minimum distance of the code ?please given step by step solution.2.Consider the bit stream 01101101. Draw the waveforms for following line codes.(i)(ii)Biphase Manchester codingBiphase Differential Manchester codingPolar PSEUDOTERNARY(iii)(iv)Multilevel -8B6T(v)Multilevel-2B1Q Assume that the signal level for the most recent preceding 0 bit (pseudoternary) has a negative voltage.Let A be the set of all strings of 0's and 1's, and let T be the set of all strings of 0's and 1's that consist of consecutive triples of identical bits. Consider the coding and decoding functions E and D defined below : Find E (0110) and D (111111000111). E (0110)=? D (111111000111)=?
- Construct a PDA which accepts the set of bit strings with 2/3 as many 0 bits as 1 bits. (For example, 10110 should be accepted, since there are three 1s ans two 0s, and two is 2/3 of three.)a) Compute the even parity bits for the data bits: 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 and 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 b) Compute the odd parity bits for the data bits: 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 and 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 c) Transform the following bit string (D) into a 3 x 8 matrix and compute the two-dimensionaleven parity EDC bits. D = 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 d) Assume that a sender transmits <D, EDC> as shown and computed in c). Next, assume that thereceiver receives D’ and EDC’ as follows:D’ = 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1; EDC’ = EDC, Does the received bit streamhave errors? If yes, how does the receiver detect or correct the errors and how many errors can bedetected or corrected?Consider a convolutional code with k = 1, n = 3 and L = 3. The encoder generators aregiven by 91 = [110], 92 = [001] and 93 = [011].Assume the Viterbi algorithm is used for decoding at the receiver and considerthe received bit sequence at the input of the channel decoder being [10 0100110011].Answer the following questions.(a) What is the decoded information bit sequence? (b) What is the value of the cumulative metric (i.e., Hamming distance) of thefinal survivor path of the decoding process?(c) Draw the final survivor path of the trellis for the decoding process.Instruction for Part (c): An example of drawing a path in the trellis is shown below.