27.Consider the TCP reliable data transfer in the given graph. If in Segment l's Sequence number =10,data="AC", please fill in the following blanks. a) In Segment 2, ACK number=_ b) In Segment 3, Sequence number =_; data="0123456789" c) If there are some bits corrupted in segment 3 when it arrives Host B, then the ACK number in Segment 5 is L; and the ACK number in Segment 6 is 5 7
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- Consider a TCP connection with the following parameters: a) Initial ssthreshold = 4 segmentsb) Round Trip Time (RTT) = 10 millisecondsc) Timeout period = 40 millisecondsd) Segment size = 3900 bytesThe TCP connection was used to transfer 17 data segments. While sendingthe segments, data segment 7 and data segment 15 were lost the first timethey were sent (but arrived at the receiver properly when retransmitted).There were no other segment losses apart from the aforementioned. Assumethat data segments received out-of-order are buffered at the receiver. Whatis the average throughput obtained in sending all the data segments (inbytes/sec)? Draw a diagram to show the communication process in detail.Consider a TCP connection with the following parameters: a) Initial ssthreshold = 4 segmentsb) Round Trip Time (RTT) = 10 millisecondsc) Timeout period = 40 millisecondsd) Segment size = 3900 bytesThe TCP connection was used to transfer 17 data segments. While sendingthe segments, data segment 7 and data segment 15 were lost the first timethey were sent (but arrived at the receiver properly when retransmitted).There were no other segment losses apart from the aforementioned. Assumethat data segments received out-of-order are buffered at the receiver. Whatis the average throughput obtained in sending all the data segments (inbytes/sec) including draw a diagram to show the communication process in detail.Networking Draw a graph for TCP congestion control for both a) TCP Tahoe b) TCP Reno based on the following information. Also show SS, AI and MD phases on the graph. At round 1 CWND =1 MSS, Initial ssthresh =Infinity Timeout = At round 7 3 Duplicate ACK = At round 15 3 Duplicate ACK = At round 22 Add X round after 22, X=9 Give Complete Answer of this Question.
- Consider Figure 3.58 . Assuming TCP Reno is the protocol experiencing the behavior shown above, answer the following questions. In all cases, you should provide a short discussion justifying your answer.d. After the 22nd transmission round, is segment loss detected by a triple duplicate ACK or by a timeout? e. What is the initial value of ssthresh at the first transmission round? f. What is the value of ssthresh at the 18th transmission round?Question 3 Consider a satellite channel running TCP/IP as shown in the figure below. Due to the long round trip time (RTT) and high bit error rate (BER) the conventional TCP congestion mechanism doesn’t work well in a satellite transmission system. 3.1 Assume traditional TCP/IP is used and that the congestion window of the TCP sender is 10k bytes, and it is in congestion avoidance (CA) state with the threshold variable equal to 8k bytes. Now, the sender receives 3 duplicated acknowledgements (ACKs). As a result, explain the effect on the congestion window size and the threshold.Assume that a bottleneck connection with a rate of R bps carries two TCP connections. In both cases, there is a big file that must be downloaded (in the same direction over the bottleneck link). The files are all transmitted at the same time How much data will TCP be able to transmit each connection?
- This elementary problem begins to explore propagation delay and transmission delay, two central concepts in data networking. Consider two hosts, A and B, connected by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts are separated by m meters, and suppose the propagation speed along the link is s meters/sec. Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to Host B. a. Express the propagation delay, dprop, in terms of m and s.b. Determine the transmission time of the packet, dtrans, in terms of L and R.c. Ignoring processing and queuing delays, obtain an expression for the end-to-end delay.d. Suppose Host A begins to transmit the packet at time t = 0. At time t = dtrans, where is the last bit of the packet?e. Suppose dprop is greater than dtrans. At time t = dtrans, where is the first bit of the packet?f. Suppose dprop is less than dtrans. At time t = dtrans, where is the first bit of the packet?g. Suppose s = 2.5 * 108 meters/sec, L = 120 bits, and R = 0.112 Mbps. Find the distance m…Computer Networks Consider a packet of length L that begins at end system A and travels over three links to a destination end system. These three links are connected by two packet switches. Let d, s, and R denotes the length, propagation speed, and the transmission rate of link i, for i=1,2,3 . The packet switch delays each packet by d . Assuming no queuing delays, in terms of d, s , R, (i=1,2,3), and L, what is the total end-to-end delay for the packet? Suppose now the packet is 1,500 bytes, and the propagation speed on all three links are 3125km/sec, 10000 km/sec, and 3333km/sec respectively. The transmission rates of all three links are 2 Mbps, the packet switch processing delay is 3 msec, the length of the first link is 5,000 km, the length of the second link is 4,000 km, and the length of the last link is 1,000 km. For these values, what is the end-to-end delay? In the above problem, suppose R1=R2=R3=R and dproc=0. Further, suppose the packet switch does not store-and-forward…Computer Networks Consider a packet of length L that begins at end system A and travels over three links to a destination end system. These three links are connected by two packet switches. Let d, s, and R denotes the length, propagation speed, and the transmission rate of link i, for i=1,2,3 . The packet switch delays each packet by d . Assuming no queuing delays, in terms of d, s , R, (i=1,2,3), and L, what is the total end-to-end delay for the packet? Suppose now the packet is 1,500 bytes, the propagation speed on all three links is the transmission rates of all three links are 2 Mbps, the packet switch processing delay is 3 msec, the length of the first link is 5,000 km, the length of the second link is 4,000 km, and the length of the last link is 1,000 km. For these values, what is the end-to-end delay? In the above problem, suppose R1=R2=R3=R and dproc=0. Further, suppose the packet switch does not store-and-forward packets but instead immediately transmits each bit it…
- Q4: Draw a graph for TCP congestion control for both a) TCP Tahoe b) TCP Reno based on the following information. Also show SS, AI and MD phases on the graph. At round 1 CWND =1 MSS Initial ssthresh =Infinity Timeout = At round 7 3 Duplicate ACK = At round 15 3 Duplicate ACK = At round 22 Add X round after 22, where X is 1Explain the flow control of TCP protocol when the size of the sliding window will be 500 and the first client sends 201, 301, 402, 455, 330, and once acknowledgments will receive client will send 602. Make a flow control of these packetsQ) Consider a single TCP connection using a 10 Gbps link which does not buffer any data. Assume the TCP sender has a huge file to send to the receiver and the receiver’s receive buffer is much larger than the congestion window. We make the following simplifying assumptions:→ Each TCP segment size is 1500 bytes→ The RTT of the connection is 100 ms→ The TCP connection is always in congestion avoidance (ignore slow start) Calculate the loss rate of L using the given image as a formula to achieve 10 Gbps throughput, please specify all the calculations in detail.