3-152 Consider a 25-m-long thick-walled concrete duct (k = 0.75 W/m-K) of square cross section. The outer dimensions of the duct are 20 cm x 20 cm, and the thickness of the duct wall is 2 cm. If the inner and outer surfaces of the duct are at 100°C and 30°C, respectively, determine the rate of heat trans- fer through the walls of the duct. Answer: 47.1 kW 30°C. 100°C +16 cm -20 cm- FIGURE P3-152 25 m
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- Steam at To1= 320°C flows through a cast iron pipe (k = 80 W/mK) with inner and outer diameters of D1= 5cm and D2 = 5.5 cm, respectively. The pipe is covered with 3-cm-thick glass wool insulation with k = 0.05 W/mk(Figure Q2). Heat is lost to the surroundings (To2 = 5°C) by natural convection and radiation, with a combinedheat transfer coefficient of h2 = 18 W/m2.K.(a) Taking the heat transfer coefficient inside the pipe to be h1 = 60 W/m2 K, Calculate the rate of heat lossfrom steam per unit length of pipe.(b) Calculate the temperature differences between the pipe shell and the insulation. Someone comments that a microwave oven can be viewed as a conventional oven with zero convectionresistance at the surface of the food. Is this a correct statement? Discuss the reason.Consider a large 3-cm-thick stainless steel plate in which heat is generated uniformly at a rate eg of 6 x 106 W/m3. Assuming the plate is losing heat from both sides, determine the heat flux on the surface of the plate during steady operation in kW/m2.Two metal rods of equal length-one aluminum, the other stainless steel-are connected in parallel with a temperature of 18.0 ∘C at one end and 110 ∘C at the other end. Both rods have a circular cross section with a diameter of 6.00 cm Determine the length the rods must have if the combined rate of heat flow through them is to be 17.5 JJ per second. If the length of the rods is doubled, by what factor does the rate of heat flow change?
- A pipe in a manufacturing plant is transporting superheated vapor at a mass flow rate of 0.3 kg/s. The pipe is 10 m long and has an inner diameter of 5 cm and a wall thickness of 6 mm. The pipe has a thermal conductivity of 17 W/m⋅K, and the inner pipe surface is at a uniform temperature of 120° C. The temperature drop between the inlet and exit of the pipe is 7° C, and the constant pressure specific heat of vapor is 2 190 J/kg⋅°C. If the air temperature in the manufacturing plant is 25° C, determine the heat transfer coefficient as a result of convection between the outer pipe surface and the surrounding air.To defrost ice accumulated on the outer surface of an automobile windshield, warm air is blown over the inner surface of the windshield. Consider an automobile windshield with thickness of 5 mm and thermal conductivity of 1.4 W/m·K. The outside ambient temperature is -10°C and the convection heat transfer coefficient is 200 W/m2·K, while the ambient temperature inside the automobile is 25°C. Determine the value of the convection heat transfer coefficient for the warm air blowing over the inner surface of the windshield necessary to cause the accumulated ice to begin melting.Consider a 15-cm * 20-cm printed circuit board (PCB) that has electronic components on one side. The board is placed in a room at 20°C. The heat loss from the back surface of the board is negligible. If the circuit board is dissipating 8 W of power in steady operation, determine the average temperature of the hot surface of the board, assuming the board is (a) vertical, (b) horizontal with hot surface facing up, and (c) horizontal with hot surface facing down. Take the emissivity of the surface of the board to be 0.8 and assume the surrounding surfaces to be at the same temperature as the air in the room. Evaluate air properties at a film temperature of 32.5°C and 1 atm pressure. Is this a good assumption?