3. Consider the problem of moving k knights from k starting squares S₁,..., Sk to k goal squares 9₁,..., 9k, on an unbounded chessboard, subject to the rule that no two knights can land on the same square at the same time. Each action consists of moving up to k knights simultaneously. We would like to complete the maneuver in the smallest number of actions. a. What is the maximum branching factor in this state space, expressed as a function of k? b. Suppose h, is an admissible heuristic for the problem of moving knight i to goal g; by itself. Which of the following heuristics are admissible for the k-knight problem? Of those, which is the best? • min{h₁,..., hk} max{h₁,..., hk) • Σ=1ht c. Repeat (b) for the case where you are allowed to move only one knight at a time.
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- How would you modify the dynamic programming algorithm for the coin collecting problem if some cells on the board are inaccessible for the robot? Apply your algorithm to the board below, where the inaccessible cells are shown by X’s. How many optimal paths are there for this board? You need to provide 1) a modified recurrence relation, 2) a pseudo code description of the algorithm, and 3) a table that stores solutions to the subproblems.a. Given n items, where each item has a weight and a value, and a knapsack that can carry at most W You are expected to fill in the knapsack with a subset of items in order to maximize the total value without exceeding the weight limit. For instance, if n = 6 and items = {(A, 10, 40), (B, 50, 30), (C, 40, 80), (D, 20, 60), (E, 40, 10), (F, 10, 60)} where each entry is represented as (itemIdi, weighti, valuei). Use greedy algorithm to solve the fractional knapsack problem. b. Given an array of n numbers, write a java or python program to find the k largest numbers using a comparison-based algorithm. We are not interested in the relative order of the k numbers and assuming that (i) k is a small constant (e.g., k = 5) independent of n, and (ii) k is a constant fraction of n (e.g., k = n/4). Provide the Big-Oh characterization of your algorithm.How would you modify the dynamic programming algorithm for the coin collecting problem if some cells on the board are inaccessible for the robot? Apply your algorithm to the board below, where the inaccessible cells are shown by X’s. How many optimal paths are there for this board?
- Please answer the following question in detail. With all the proofs and assumptions explained. We have seen various search strategies in class, and analyzed their worst-case running time. Prove that any deterministic search algorithm will, in the worst case, search the entire state space. More formally, we define a search problem by a finite set of states S, a set of actions A, and a cost function c : S ×A×S → {1,∞} (i.e. the cost is uniform, but some states cannot be reached from some others, or equivalently have a cost of ∞), and a starting state s0 ∈ S. We assume that every state s ∈ S is reachable from s0, i.e. that there is a sequence of actions one can take from state s0 such that one reaches the state s after performing this sequence of actions, and such that the cost of reaching s is finite. Prove the following theorem. Theorem1. LetAlgbesomecomplete, deterministic uninformed search algorithm. Then for any search problem defined as above, there exists some choice of a state…Please don't use handwritting for this question How would you modify the dynamic programming algorithm for the coin collecting problem if some cells on the board are inaccessible for the robot? Apply your algorithm to the board below, where the inaccessible cells are shown by X’s. How many optimal paths are there for this board? You need to provide 1) a modified recurrence relation, 2) a pseudo code description of the algorithm, and 3) a table that stores solutions to the subproblems.Consider the challenge of determining whether a witness questioned by a law enforcement agency is telling the truth. An innovative questioning system pegs two individuals against each other. A reliable witness can determine whether the other individual is telling the truth. However, an unreliable witness's testimony is questionable. Given all the possible outcomes from the given scenarios, we obtain the table below. This pairwise approach could then be applied to a larger pool of witnesses. Answer the following: 1) If at least half of the K witnesses are reliable, the number of pairwise tests needed is Θ(n). Show the recurrence relation that models the problem. Provide a solution using your favorite programming language, that solves the recurrence, using initial values entered by the user.
- Consider the following bridge crossing problem where n people with speeds s1, ··· , sn wish to cross the bridge as quickly as possible. The rules remain: • It is nighttime and you only have one flashlight. • A maximum of two people can cross at any one time • Any party who crosses, either 1 or 2 people must have the flashlight with them. • The flashlight must be walked back and forth, it cannot be thrown, etc. • A pair must walk together at the rate of the slower person’s pace. Give an efficient algorithm to find the fastest way to get a group of people across the bridge. You must have a proof of correctness for your method.Consider GCET’s central library where the librarian Mario is required to sort thebooks before closing each day. The library has long shelves, and the books arenumbered through 1 to N, the librarian wishes to arrange the books so that they appearin the sequence 1,2, …, N.He intends to do this by a sequence of moves. In each move Mario can pick up anybook and insert it at a different place. Let he has 5 books and they are initially arrangedin the order: 1 4 5 3 2Mario will rearrange this in ascending order by first moving book 2 to the beginningof the shelf to get : 1 2 4 5 3Then moving book 3 to position 3, he gets 1 2 3 4 5You are required to write a program for Mario that determines the minimum numberof moves that are necessary to sort the bookshelf. C programming, please solve with full answer and solve with Flowchart and DiscriptionConsider GCET’s central library where the librarian Mario is required to sort thebooks before closing each day. The library has long shelves, and the books arenumbered through 1 to N, the librarian wishes to arrange the books so that they appearin the sequence 1,2, …, N.He intends to do this by a sequence of moves. In each move Mario can pick up anybook and insert it at a different place. Let he has 5 books and they are initially arrangedin the order: 1 4 5 3 2Mario will rearrange this in ascending order by first moving book 2 to the beginningof the shelf to get : 1 2 4 5 3Then moving book 3 to position 3, he gets 1 2 3 4 5You are required to write a program for Mario that determines the minimum numberof moves that are necessary to sort the bookshelf. please solve with Flowchart and description
- An agent is trying to eat all the food in a maze that contains obstacles, but he now has the help of his friends! An agent cannot occupy a squarethat has an obstacle. There are initially k pieces of food (represented by dots), at positions (f1,...,fk). Thereare also n agents at positions (p1,...,pn). Initially, all agents start at random locations in the maze. Consider a search problem in which all agents move simultaneously;that is, in each step each agent moves into some adjacent position (N, S, E, or W, or STOP). Note that any number of agents may occupy the same position. Figure 1: A maze with 3 agents Give a search formulation to the problem of looking for both gold and diamondin a maze (wirte step with detail)? Knowing that you have M squares in the maze that do not have an What is the maximum size of the state space.This problem exercises the basic concepts of game playing, using tic-tac-toe (noughtsand crosses) as an example. We define Xn as the number of rows, columns, or diagonals with exactly n X’s and no O’s. Similarly, On is the number of rows, columns, or diagonals with just n O’s. The utility function assigns +1 to any position with X3 = 1 and −1 to any position with O3 = 1. All other terminal positions have utility 0. For nonterminal positions, we use a linear evaluation function defined as Eval (s) = 3X2(s)+X1(s)−(3O2(s)+O1(s))."Mark on your tree the evaluations of all the positions at depth 2."Implement the algorithm for an optimal parenthesization of a matrix chain product as dis-cussed in the class.Use the following recursive function as part of your program to print the outcome, assumethe matrixes are namedA1, A2, ..., An.PRINT-OPTIMAL-PARENS(s, i, j){if (i=j) thenprint “A”i else{print “(”PRINT-OPTIMAL-PARENS(s,i,s[i, j])PRINT-OPTIMAL-PARENS(s, s[i, j] + 1, j)print “)”} }a- Test your algorithm for the following cases:1. Find and print an optimal parenthesization of a matrix-chain product whose sequenceof dimensions is<5,10,3, X,12,5,50, Y,6>.2. Find and print an optimal parenthesization of a matrix-chain product whose sequenceof dimensions is<5,10,50,6, X,15,40,18, Y,30,15, Z,3,12,5>. 3. Find and print an optimal parenthesization of a matrix-chain product whose sequenceof dimensions is<50,6, X,15,40,18, Y,5,10,3,12,5, Z,40,10,30,5>. X=10 Y=20 Z=30